The Life and Times of St Gregory

Agathangelos’ History of the Armenians #

Translated from the Armenian by Robert Bedrosian


The Life and Times of Saint Gregory #

Chapter 18 #

During the time of the decline of the kingdom of the Parthians, sovereignty was taken from [the last Parthian king] Vagharsh’s son, Artawan. [The latter] was killed by Artashir, son of Sasan, who was a certain lord from the district of Stahr. [Artashir] had come and united the troops of the Persians who had abandoned, rejected, and disrespected the lordship of the Parthians, and enthusiastically accepted the rule of Artashir, son of Sasan. Now it happened that after the death [of Artawan], when the sad news reached Xosrov, king of the Armenians—who was second [in command] of the lordship of the Persians (since whoever the Armenian king might be was second in the Persian kingdom)—although [Xosrov] had learned early about the misfortune, he was unable to adequately prepare for military action. Then, he again experienced great sorrow, since he had not managed to do anything and because of the way things had gone, he turned back and unhappily came to his own land.

Chapter 19 #

Արդ՝ ի միւս եւս ի գլուխ տարւոյն սկսանէր Խոսրով թագաւորն Հայոց գունդ կազմել եւ զաւր բովանդակել, գումարել զզաւրս Աղուանից եւ Վրաց, եւ բանալ զդրունս Ալանաց եւ զՃորայ պահակին, հանել զզաւրս Հոնաց, ասպատակ դնել ի կողմանս Պարսից, արշաւել ի կողմանս Ասորեստանի, մինչեւ ի դրունս Տիսբոնի: Աւար առեալ զերկիրն ամենայն՝ յապականութիւն դարձուցանէր զշինանիստ քաղաքացն եւ աւանացն ցանկալեաց. զշէն երկիրն ամենայն թափուր եւ աւերակ թողոյր. ջնջել ի միջոյ ի բաց կորուսանել, խլել քակել, հիմն ի վեր ջանայր առնել, համարէր բառնալ զաւրէնս տէրութեանն Պարսից: Ուխտ եդեալ միանգամայն՝ վրէժ խնդրել մեծաւ քինութեամբ զանկանելն իւրեանց ի տէրութենէն. սպառ սպուռ ջանայր զվրէժ խնդրել, մեծաւ քինու նախանձաբեկ լինելով. մեծամեծս փքայր՝ ի բազմութիւն զաւրացն ապաստան եղեալ, եւ ի քաջութիւն զաւրացն յուսացեալ: Վաղվաղակի ի թիկունս հասանէին մեծաւ բազմութեամբ ժիր եւ քաջ առն եւ ձիոյ եւ բուռն կազմութեամբ Աղուանք, Լփինք եւ Ճիղպք, Կասպք եւ այլ եւս որ ի սմին կողմանց, զի զվրէժ արեանն Արտաւանայ խնդրեսցեն:
Now at the beginning of the next year, Xosrov, king of the Armenians, began gathering brigades and constituting an army. He assembled troops from the Aghuans and Iberians/Georgians. He opened the Gate of the Alans and the Choray pass, bringing in troops of the Huns to raid the Persian areas and to invade the Asorestan areas, as far as the gates of Ctesiphon. He looted the entire country, wrecking flourishing cities and desirable hamlets, and leaving the entire cultivated country empty and ruined. He attempted to completely wipe out, seize, and demolish everything from top to bottom, aiming to end the lordship of the Persians. With a great grudge he vowed to exact vengeance on those who had deposed from power his own [Arsacid] kinsmen. Inflamed with his grudge, he wanted full vengeance. He greatly inflated himself, putting his faith in the multitude of his forces and the bravery of the troops. There quickly arrived as support a vast multitude of vigorous and courageous organized men and horsemen from the Aghuank’, Lp’ink’, Chighpk’, and Kaspk’, and others from those parts, [arriving] to seek vengeance for the blood of Artawan.

Chapter 20 #

[King Xosrov] was greatly saddened that his own clansmen, his kinfolk, had submitted to serving and supporting the rising kingship of the Stahrite [Sasanian] and had united with [Artashir]. Moreover, Xosrov had sent emissaries for [the Persians] to come forth to aid their own [Arsacid] clansmen and to oppose his [Artashir’s] kingship. He also sent [emissaries] to the brave folk and martial warriors there in the Kushan areas and in [the Kushans’] own native land for them to come to his aid. However, despite [these actions] the clans, and the azgapetk’, the naxarars and nahapetk’ of the Parthians paid no attention [to Xosrov’s requests]. This was because they had united with, accepted, and submitted to the lordship of Artashir, instead of supporting the lordship of their own [Arsacid] clan and its brotherhood.

Chapter 21 #

Nonetheless, Xosrov took the multitude of his troops, as well as those who had come from various places to support him as comrades in warfare. Now when the king of the Persians saw the mob of brigades coming against him with great force, he arose and went before them in military preparedness. However, he was unable to withstand, and fled before them. [Xosrov and his allies] pursued and destroyed all the troops of the Persians, covering the plains and roads with their scattered corpses, and delivering devastating and incredible blows. The king of the Armenians turned back from this great destruction triumphantly, with much booty, and joyfully elated. He went to the district of Ayrarat in the lands of the Armenians, to the city of Vagharshapat, with great joy, good renown, and much booty.

Chapter 22 #

Then [King Xosrov] ordered that emissaries should be dispatched to various places. He issued edicts that pilgrimage should be undertaken to the seven altars of the temples, to worship the images of the gods. He exalted the places of the patrimonial worship of his Arsacid clan with white bulls and white rams, white horses and white mules, with gold and silver ornaments, with fringed and tasseled silks, with gold crowns and silver items for making sacrifice, precious vessels of gold and silver studded with gems, and beautifully adorned brilliant raiment. He also took a fifth of the grandest of all the loot he had amassed and gifted the most magnificent items to the priests. As for the troops who were with him, he gave them gifts and dismissed them.

Chapter 23 #

Now at the start of the next year, [King Xosrov] assembled an extremely large number of troops, the same he had summoned previously and many more, and spread about raiding the Asorestan areas. [He did this] especially since troops of the Tachiks [Arabs] had come to his aid. After looting the entire country, they valiantly returned to their own places. And so for 11 years, one year after the next, they looted and wrecked all the confines of the country under the kingship and rule of the Persians.

Chapter 24 #

Now when the king of the Persians saw all these evils which had descended upon him, he became upset and was plunged into anxiety, doubt, and hesitation. He summoned to himself all the kings, lieutenants, lords, generals, chiefs, and princes of his realm. They entered into deliberations [and King Ardashir] beseeched all of them to find some solutions, and [he] offered various gifts. He said that if only someone could be found to exact vengeance, he would promise to give him the second position in his realm, if only someone would undertake to seek vengeance for the great grudge that he held, “I would be above him [in rank] only by [reason of] my throne, regardless of whether [the avenger] should derive from a undistinguished or a distinguished [origin].” He promised as a reward to confer various kinds of honors and gifts.

Chapter 25 #

Now among the advisors there was a senior nahapet of the kingdom of the Parthians, whose name was Anak. Rising to his feet, [Anak] promised to take revenge on his own [Arsacid] clansman, as though on an enemy.

Chapter 26 #

[King Ardashir] began talking to him and said: “If you just resolve this matter loyally, I will return to you your native Parthian land, your own Pahlaw property. Moreover, I will glorify you by putting a crown on your head and making you prominent and glorious in my realm. And I will designate you as the second to me [in rank].”

Chapter 27 #

The Parthian [Anak] replied: “Support the remainder of my clan while my blood brother and I leave you today [for Armenia].”

Chapter 28 #

Then the Parthian along with his brother organized with their families, women, and children, and all their belongings. They set out, watching the roads, arising and departing as though emigrating to the Armenian areas, as though they had revolted against the king of the Persians. They came to King Xosrov in the district of Uti, in the city of Xaghxagh, the winter residence of the Armenian monarchy."

Chapter 29 #

As soon as the king of the Armenians saw this, he delightedly went before him, receiving him with great joy, especially since [Anak] began speaking with him falsely and deceitfully, demonstrating the believability of his arrival. [Anak] said: “It was for this reason that I came to you, so that we might share in exacting vengeance.”

Chapter 30 #

Now when the king saw this man who had come to him with his entire family, he regarded him as trustworthy and believed him. Then he gave him an honor [or, “diadem”] of a royal kind and seated him on the second throne of the realm by rank. They joyously passed the entire period of winter, those cold days of blustery winds and ice.

Chapter 31 #

The king arose and left those areas when the warm days of the southern winds arrived to open the gates of spring. [The royal retinue] came and descended into the district of Ayrarat, going to the city of Vagharshapat. While they were happily resting, the king decided to muster troops, with the aim of invading Persia again.

Chapter 32 #

As soon as the Parthian [Anak] heard this, he recalled the oath of the compact he had made with the king of the Persians. He also remembered the promises of gifts, and he longed for his native land called Pahlaw. And then he hatched an evil scheme. He and his brother took the king aside—as though for some recreation, as though he wanted to deliberate with him on some matter. They had their steel swords partly unsheathed. Then, suddenly and unexpectedly, they raised their weapons and struck the king dead. He fell to the ground, a corpse. Once these events became known, the crowd raised a lament. However, [the killers] by then had each mounted his horse and fled.

Chapter 33 #

When the naxarars of the Armenian troops learned about this, they split into brigades and went in pursuit. Some hurried by land and reached the head of the bridge near the gates of the city of Artashat. The Arax River, which had risen up, coursed along swollen with blocks of ice and mounds of melting snow in these days of its flooding. Half [of the pursuers] crossed the bridge of the city of Vagharshapat, which is called Metsamo’r bridge, hurrying to get in advance of [the fugitives] at the head of the Artashat bridge. In a narrow part of the road, [the naxarars] stopped them, and surrounded them. They hurled [the fugitives] into the river from the Tap’erakan bridge. And then they turned back sighing, crying out, and lamenting, and the entire country gathered and mourned the king.

Chapter 34 #

Now [King Xosrov], before the warm spirit [of life] had quit his bosom, before he had breathed his last, issued an order that the clan [of Anak] should be exterminated. Then [the naxarars] began to kill and destroy, not sparing even the young who still did not know their right hand from their left. Similarly, the female [side of the] clan was put to their swords. Only two small children of [Anak] the Parthian were spirited away by someone and saved by means of their dayeaks, one [fleeing] to the Persian areas, and the other, to the Greek [Byzantine] areas.

Chapter 35 #

When the king of the Persians heard about all this, he was delighted and rejoiced. On that day he celebrated a great feast and carried out many vows to the fire-temples. [King Ardashir] assembled troops and advanced, raiding throughout the areas of the Armenian land. He led into captivity people and animals, the elderly and infants, youths and children alike.

Chapter 36 #

It happened that someone took and saved from that raid one of the children of Xosrov, king of the Armenians. This was a small child named Trdat, who was taken by dayeaks and escaped to the court of theemperor in Greek territory. Thereafter the king of the Persians came to the country of the Armenians,[re]naming places after his own name and putting to flight the Greek troops, chasing them to the borders of Greece.[^1]. Digging trenches, [the Persians] established the [new] borders, naming the place formerly called Soyzn,[^2] the “Gate of Trenches.” [The king] hadother people led to their [Persian] country, and he seized that [Armenian] land for himself.

Chapter 37 #

Now Trdat went and was nourished and educated by a certain count, who was named Licinius. Meanwhile [Gregory], the son of [Anak] the Parthian, who had gone to the Byzantine areas, was nourished and educated in the city of Caesarea in Cappadocia. Someone close to him had him raised by dayeaks in the fear of Christ and, additionally, he was schooled in the details of Christian learning,becoming familiar with the scriptures of God and the fear of the Lord. His name was Gregory [Grigorios]. Assoon as he had been informed by the dayeaks about the deeds done by his father, [Gregory] arose and went toTrdat [Trdatios] to perform voluntary service. He hid his identify and other facts [about himself] concerningwho he was, where he had come from, how, and why. He obediently gave himself into [Trdat’s] service andworked for him.

Chapter 38 #

In that period, the prince of the Byzantines was persecuting the church of God. As soon as Trdat realized that Gregory was a member of the Christian faith, he began to scold and threaten him with various punishments. Often he harassed [Gregory] with torments in prison and in fetters so that he would abandon the worship of Christ and, obediently, turn to the vain and loathsome worship of the gods.

Chapter 39 #

It happened that in those same days the prince of the Goths mustered troops and, with numerous brigades of soldiers, came to do battle against the prince of the Byzantines. [The ruler of the Goths] sent a message with the following import: “Why should we arise to do battle in such numbers, waste our troops, and bring danger and crisis to our lands? Behold, I will come forth to you as a [single combatant] champion from my own forces here, and you [as an individual should] come against me from the Byzantine troops. We will go to a place of battle. Should I conquer you, the Byzantines then will submit to me in service. On the other hand, if you defeat me, our lives shall be subject to you and we shall obey you. Thus, without shedding blood and causing destruction, prosperity will embrace both sides.”

Chapter 40 #

When the king of the Byzantines heard all this, he was frightened—because [the Goths] were unwilling to fight brigade against brigade in a normal fashion. Nor was he able to agree to the proposal in the message, because he was weak, [since] his bones lacked strength [to prevail in single combat]. He was depressed and terrified because he did not know how to respond to the proposal.

Chapter 41 #

Then the king commanded that edicts and emissaries should be sent to the princes and troops of his realm wherever they might be, that they should come to him immediately. The princes, troops, and naxarars quickly arrived by him. Licinius took the main brigade, which was under his command and hastened to the place of battle near the king, and Trdat was with him.

Chapter 42 #

շարայարելի
(to be continued)