Matthew of Edessa's Chronicle (Volume 1)

Matthew of Edessa’s Chronicle #

Translated from the Armenian by Robert Bedrosian


Volume 1 #

Chapter 1 #

Իսկ ընդ աւուրսն ընդ այնոսիկ եւ ի ՆԱ թուականին Հայոց եղեւ սով սաստիկ ի բազում տեղիս. բայց յաշխարհն հարաւոյ յերկրին Տաճկաց եղեւ նեղութիւն մեծ եւ առաւել քան զամենայն ի Միջագետս. եւ ի խստութենէ սովոյն տագնապ եւ տատանումն լինէր ի բազում տեղիս եւ եւս ի հռչակաւոր մայրաքաղաքն յՈւռհա, զոր կանգնեաց Տիգրան արքայ Հայոց։ Եւ կացեալ սովն յայնմ աշխարհին զամս եւթն, եւ անթիւ լինէր կոտորածն յերեսաց սովոյն այն. եւ յաշխարհին Տաճկաց լինէր անցումն մեծ եւ ի քրիստոնէից անթիւք մեռան յերեսաց բարկութեան սովոյն։ Եւ զկնի երկու ամի եկեալ մարախ յայնմ գաւառի որպէս զաւազ ծովու եւ ապականեաց զերկիրն։ Եւ սաստկանայր սովն առաւել. եւ զայրացեալ բազմաց եւ անողորմ գազանաբար յարձակեալ՝ զմիմեանս ուտէին, եւ իշխանքն եւ մեծամեծքն ընդօք եւ մրգօք կերակրէին. եւ եղեւ անցումն անասնոց. բազում գեւղք եւ գաւառք անմարդաբնակ լինէին եւ այլ ոչ շինեցան մինչեւ ցայսօր ժամանակի։
In those days, in 401 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 952], there was severe famine in many places. However, in the land to the south, in the country of the Tachiks [Arabs], there was great suffering—more than in all the rest of Mesopotamia. With the worsening of the famine came turmoil and agitation in many areas, especially in the renowned metropolis of Edessa, which had been constructed by Tigran, king of the Armenians. Famine lasted in that land for seven years, and those who died from it were without number. There was great mortality also in the land of the Tachiks and countless Christians died from the wrath of the famine. Two years later locusts—as many of them as the sands of the sea—came to that district and polluted the country. Meanwhile, the famine grew even more devastating. Many [people] became enraged and, mercilessly, like beasts, attacked, [slaughtered,] and devoured one another. As for the princes and grandees, they dined on legumes and fruit. [The area] became devoid of animals, and many villages and districts became depopulated, and they have not [re]built [these places] to the present day.
In 407 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 958] the nation of the Arabs massed troops at Edessa and throughout the land of Edessa and, with an enormous multitude, they crossed the great Euphrates River and came against the fortified city named Samosata. There arose against them in battle the military commander of the Romans [Byzantines] who was called [the] Paracoemomenus, a brave and powerful man. [The two armies] clashed with each other at the city gate and, on that day, the Tachiks beat the Byzantine troops and there was great killing by the city gate. After some days the city of Samosata, which is close to the city of Edessa, was taken.
In 408 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 959] Romanus, king [emperor] of the Byzantines, massed troops and then came against the Tachiks. Crossing the vast Ocean Sea [the Mediterranean] he went by ship to the great island named Crete. After a fierce battle, he took it from the forces of Egypt, for all the islands [in those parts] and the land of the coast had been held by the nation of the Arabs for four hundred years. In the same year, the forces of the Armenians defeated Hamdun, the military commander of the Tachiks.
In 410 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 961] the Arabs took Anazarbus and Aleppo from the king of Egypt and made a countless slaughter, more of Christians than of their own people.
In the same year the military commander of the Armenians convened an assembly of 45,000 valiant men of the marzpetakan brigade, separate from the royal brigade. And all the princes of the Houses of the land of the Armenians assembled by the blessed patriarch Anania to anoint to the kingship Gagik, son of Ashot, in accordance with the earlier anointing of his fathers. For up to this time [Gagik] had not sat on the throne of the kingdom of the House of the Armenians, and a crown had not been placed on his head.

Chapter 2 #

Of necessity, they invited the most praiseworthy Lord Yovhanne’s, Catholicos of the land of the Aghuans, and forty bishops with him. With magnificent splendor they invited P’illipos, king of the Aghuans, a spiritual and blessed man. [P’illipos] was the son of Goghazgak, son of Vach’agan, [from a line] which had been kings of the land of the Aghuans.
Եւ յայնմ աւուր եղեւ ժողով ահագին եւ մեծ ի քաղաքն յԱնի, որ եղեւ այժմիկ թագաւորանիստ քաղաք Հայոց։ Եւ յայսմ ամի օծաւ որդի Աշոտի Գագիկ արքայ յօծումն հարց իւրոց եւ նստաւ ի գահոյս առաջին թագաւորացն Հայոց ազգիս, եւ լինէր ուրախութիւն մեծ ամենայն տանն Հայոց, վասն զի տեսին նորոգեալ զաթոռ թագաւորութեան աշխարհիս Հայոց՝ ըստ առաջին հարցն։ Եւս առաւել լինէին ուրախ յաղագս քաջութեանն Գագկայ, վասն զի էր կորովի եւ այր պատերազմող։ Եւ յայնմ աւուր լինէր հանդէս զօրաց նորա հարիւր հազարաց վառելոց ընտիր արանց ի մարտ պատերազմաց անուանեաց եւ քաջ կորովեաց. վասն զի որպէս զկորիւնս առիւծուց կամ որպէս զձագս արծուեաց յուզէին զօր պատերազմին։ Եւ լուեալ զայս ամենայն շուրջակայք եւ ամենայն թագաւորք ազգաց՝ Ափխազաց եւ Յունաց, Բաբելացւոց եւ Պարսից, տուրս եւ սէրս հանդերձ պատուական ընծայիւք յուղարկէին ի փառաւորութիւն Հայոց թագաւորութեանն։ Եւ յայնժամ զթագաւորն Աղուանից զՓիլիպպէ եւ զկաթուղիկոսն զՏէր Յովհաննէսն, զեպիսկոպոսունսն եւ զզօրսն, որ եկին զհետ թագաւորին եւ հայրապետին, եւ յուղարկեցին մեծամեծ տրօք եւ սիրով յաշխարհն Աղուանից, որ էր աթոռ սուրբ առաքելոցն Թադէոսի եւ Բարդուղիմէոսի, որք են նահապետք առաջինք Հայոց Մեծաց։
On that day an enormous, massive assembly took place in the city of Ani, which was then the royal city of the Armenians. And it was in this same year that Gagik, son of Ashot, was anointed with the same anointing as his fathers and sat upon the throne of the first kings of the Armenian people. There was great rejoicing throughout all the House of the Armenians, since they were seeing renewed the throne of the kingdom of the land of the Armenians, as it was under the first fathers. They were made even happier by the valor of Gagik, for he was a capable, military man. On that day he conducted a review of his troops—100,000 select armed men, renowned for their martial abilities, robust and brave. They resembled lion cubs or eaglets roused into a force for combat. When all the surrounding [folk], and all the kings of the [neighboring] peoples—the Abkhazes, Byzantines, Babylonians, and Persians—heard about [the coronation of Gagik] they sent their affection and money, including precious gifts, to glorify the Armenian kingdom. Then [the Armenian court] sent home to the land of the Aghuans with very magnificent presents and great affection P’ilippe’, king of the Aghuans, and the Catholicos, Lord Yovhanne’s, the bishops and troops which had accompanied the king and the patriarch. [Aghuania] was the throne of the blessed Apostles Thaddeus and Bartholomew, who also were the first [Christian] patriarchs of Greater Armenia.
Two years later, the elderly Emperor Romanus of the Byzantines died [A.D. 963] leaving two sons: Basil and Constantine. In 412 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 963], Nicephorus [II, Phocas 963-969] ruled over the House of the Byzantines. He was a good man, holy and pious, full of all virtues and justice, triumphant and valiant in all battles, merciful toward all believers in Christ, a visitor of widows and captives, a comforter of orphans and the poor.
He massed troops and, with an enormous multitude, crossed the great Ocean Sea [the Mediterranean] and came against the Tachiks, growling like a lion [anticipating a] great battle. First [Nicephorus] went to the land of Cilicia and, in great triumph, took the renowned city of Tarsus. Then he went and took Adana and Msis [Mamistra], and the famous Anazarbus, inflicting massive and severe destruction on the nation of Tachiks as far as the gate of the city of Antioch. Then Emperor Nicephorus returned to the city of Constantinople, the royal residence, in great triumph, with numberless captives and much booty. As for the sons of Romanus, Basil and Constantine, [Nicephorus] kept them with him at the palace in great honor and glory.
In 418 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 969] there was a certain man named Tzimisces, who had been condemned to death and was living on an island. The impious and obscene empress secretly sent to him—as though it was at the emperor’s order—and had him removed from the island and brought to Constantinople. [This was done] without the emperor’s knowledge. She secretly made a pact with him to slay Emperor Nicephorus, and she promised to become his wife and seat him on the imperial throne. [Tzimisces] agreed to effect the wicked empress’ command. And [so it came about that while] the blessed Emperor Nicephorus was seated on his throne one evening, reading the Bible by candlelight, the empress came in and embraced him. [At the same time she secretly] secured the strap holding the sword which was close to him [to prevent him from defending himself later on]. Then she went to her wicked co-conspirator and, with her own hands, gave him the fatal sword with which he was to shed the blood of this innocent man.
Եւ եկեալ Չմշկիկն եւ ծածկաբար ի ներքս վազեաց ի սենեակ թագաւորին։ Եւ տեսեալ զնա թագաւորն՝ ասէ ցնա. «Շո՛ւն կատաղեալ, աստ զի՞նչ ուզես»։ Եւ քաջապէս յարուցեալ թագաւորն յուզէր զթուրն, եւ տեսեալ զի սաստկապէս պնդեալ էր, յայնժամ Չմշկիկն յարձակեցաւ ի վերայ թագաւորին եւ անխնայ գազանաբար խողխողէր զամենաբարի արքայն եւ հերձեալ զնա յերիս մասունս. եւ սպանեալն սուրբ թագաւորն ծածկեալ լինէր ի մէջ արեանն իւրոյ եւ աւանդէր զհոգին ի Քրիստոս դառն մահուամբ։ Եւ տեսանէին զի այծեայս զգեցեալ էր թագաւորն մերկուց ի վերայ մարմնոյն ծածկեալ ծիրանեօք եւ արիւնն սփռեալ ցայտէր զերեսօք սպանողաց զայրն Աստուծոյ. եւ զմարմին նորա թաղեցին մօտ առ սուրբ թագաւորացն յարժանաւոր գերեզմանի։ Եւ նստաւ յաթոռ թագաւորութեանն Յունաց անօրէն Չմշկիկն եւ տիրեալ էառ զԿոստանդնուպօլիս եւ զամենայն սահմանս աշխարհին Հոռոմոց արար ընդ իշխանութեամբ իւրով. եւ զորդիս Ռոմանոսի թագաւորին փախոյց ի յանօրէն թագուհւոյն ի Վասակաւան ի Յանձիթ գաւառին. տարան զՎասիլն եւ զԿոստանդինն առ Սպրամիկն՝ մեծ Մխիթարայ մայրն, զի մի՛ դեղ մահու տացէ նոցա թագուհին եւ սպանանիցէ զնոսա։ Եւ յաղագս անիրաւ մահուանս այս կայր ի մեծի տրտմութեան թագաւորն Չմշկիկ անհանգիստ վիրաւորեալ ոգւով։
Tzimisces came and secretly ran into the emperor’s chamber. When the emperor saw him, he cried out: “What do you want here, you mad dog?” The emperor, bravely getting up, reached for his sword and saw that it was firmly bound. And then Tzimisces attacked the emperor and mercilessly, like a wild beast, stabbed this most goodly monarch, cutting him into three parts. Thus did the blessed emperor surrender his soul to Christ, dying a bitter death, covered with his own blood. With the blood of this man of God spattered and glistening on their faces, the murderers saw that the emperor was wearing a goat’s hair shirt against his skin, concealed under the [imperial] purple [garments]. They buried his body in a worthy cemetery, close to the [other] blessed emperors. Then the impious Tzimisces sat on the throne of the Byzantine empire. He ruled Constantinople and put under his sway all the borders of the land of the Romans. As for the sons of Emperor Romanus, [Tzimisces] had them removed from the wicked empress. [The sons,] Basil and Constantine, were evacuated to Vasakawan in the district of Handzit’, to [the care of] Spramik, mother of the great Mxit’ar, so that the empress would not poison and kill them. Because of this unjust murder [of Nicephorus], Emperor Tzimisces lived in great sorrow, his soul wounded and uneasy.

Chapter 3 #

At the end of the year 420 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 971], King Gagik died a peaceful death. There was discord and a great clamor between the two sons of King Gagik, Yovhanne’s and Ashot.
Although Yovhanne’s was Ashot’s senior, wise and very brilliant, physically he was unsteady and weak, cowardly in battle and unschooled [in military matters]. Meanwhile, though his junior, Ashot was brave, courageous, and powerful, triumphant and unbeatable in battle. Nonetheless, Yovhanne’s forcibly took the throne of the kingdom of the Armenians. Ashot circulated around with the troops, looting many places and harassing the city of Ani. Then he went to Senek’erim, king of Vaspurakan, to the son of Apusahl, son of Ashot, son of Derenik, son of Gagik of the Ardzruni line, who were descendants of Adramelik’, king of Assyria.
Getting troops from him, [Ashot] continued onto Gurge’n, king of the Andzewats’is, advancing with his forces to Mount Varag. There he entered the monastery of Surb Nshan of Christ, and prostrated himself before the Cross which had received Christ and the picture of the blessed Mother of God.He also gave as a gift to [the monastery of] Surb Nshan 30,000 dahekans of Arab gold, which the caliph had bestowed on him in Baghdad. Ashot also had a reliquary made for the [fragment of the] Holy Cross, and adorned it with gems and pearls. Then, with many troops, he went to the city of Ani, the royal residence. Now as soon as Yovhanne’s heard about the coming of his brother Ashot, he ordered that the trumpets of war be sounded—though he himself remained immovably seated on the throne, as he was unskilled in battle. The city of Ani was roused to fight against Ashot, with 40,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry.
At this juncture, a certain prince from the forces of the king of Georgia [Iberia] had come on an embassy to King Yovhanne’s. For the mother of Yovhanne’s and Ashot was Queen Katramide’, daughter of the Georgian King Giorgi. The Georgian prince said to King Yovhanne’s: “O, King Yovhanne’s, just order them to point out to me Ashot and I shall arrest him and bring him before you in fetters.” For [the speaker] was a brave man, invincible in battle. But King Yovhanne’s said to that man: “Behold, Ashot is mighty. How can you lead him before me?” And the Georgian prince said: “I shall take him from his horse, living.” Yovhanne’s responded: “Don’t judge a lion’s cub until you’ve seen it.” Now when [the two sides] were drawn up for battle with one another, the prince, who was [an] Abkhaz, called out in a loud voice, like an eagle’s, seeking Ashot: “Who is Ashot? Let him come forward.”
Եւ լուեալ Աշոտ եղեւ զայրացեալ իբրեւ զինծ. եւ յուզեալ զմիմեանս ընթանային առ իրեարս. եւ իշխանն Վրաց զնիզակն եդեալ ի վերայ Աշոտոյ, իսկ Աշոտ իբրեւ զկայծակն ի ներքոյ անցանէր եւ հարկանէր զնա պողովատովն ի վերայ սաղաւարտին եւ զերկաթապատ մարմինն պատառեաց մինչեւ ցստինսն եւ հանդերձ միջօքն յերկիր ընկենոյր։ Եւ եղեւ յաւուր յայնմիկ սաստիկ պատերազմ. եւ դարձուցին զքաղաքն ի փախուստ, մինչ զի փախուցեալքն ոչ ժամանէին մտանել ի քաղաքն, այլ յԱխուրան գետն անկանէին. եւ դարձաւ Աշոտ մեծաւ յաղթութեամբ։ Եւ յետ աւուրց ինչ խորհեցան Բագրատունիքն եւ Պալհաւունիքն եւ այլ ամենայն ազատագունդ զօրքն հայկազանց առնել խաղաղութիւն ի մէջ Յովհաննիսի եւ Աշոտոյ։ Եւ յայնժամ սուրբ հայրապետն Պետրոս եւ իշխանքն ամենայն ելին առ Աշոտ եւ մեծաւ երդմամբ նստուցին զԱշոտ դրուց աշխարհին՝ թագաւոր ամենայն տանն Հայոց, եւ Յովհաննէս նստցի թագաւոր ի քաղաքն յԱնի. եւ եթէ մեռցի Յովհաննէս, Աշոտ լիցի թագաւոր ամենայն տանն Հայոց։ Եւ յայնժամ եղեւ խաղաղութիւն ամենայն աշխարհին Հայոց։
When Ashot heard this, he became as furious as a leopard. Having thus antagonized one another, they approached each other. The Georgian prince threw a lance at Ashot who, quick as lightning, ducked. [Ashot] struck him on the helmet with a steel sword and cleaved [the man’s] armor-clad body down to the chest, and it fell to the ground with the entrails. There was a fierce battle on that day and the city [forces] were put to flight—to the point that those fleeing did not have time to reach the city. Rather, they fell into the Axurean River. And Ashot turned back in great glory. After some days there conferred together the Bagratunis, Pahlavunis, and all troops of the Armenian nobility in order to make peace between Yovhanne’s and Ashot. And then the blessed patriarch Petros and all the princes arose and went to Ashot and, with a solemn vow, seated Ashot as king of all the House of the Armenians outside the gates [of Ani], while Yovhanne’s would sit as king in the city of Ani. Should Yovhanne’s die, Ashot would become king over the entire House of the Armenians. Then there was peace throughout the land of the Armenians.

Chapter 4 #

In that period Abas sat in Kars enjoying royal authority by order of his clan head, Gagik, king of the Armenians, and Gurge’n was [ruling in] the land of the Aghuans. They belonged to the line of the Armenian kings and stood in obedience to the House of Shirak. As for Ashot, he never managed to enter the city of Ani until the day of his death.
Now in these days there lived a certain man named Apirat, son of Hasan, who was a great prince of the Armenians. He was afraid of King Yovhanne’s because of his own earlier alliance with Ashot. And so he rebelled and fled from him, going to Apusuar, general of the Persians, in the city of Dvin, and taking 12,000 cavalry along with him. Apusuar exalted him for many days. Then some slanderers approached Apusuar and said: “Such a victorious and powerful man has come to you with many troops. He will work harm against you and against the entire House of the Tachiks.” Then [desire for] vengeance took hold of the emir’s heart. Unbeknownst to the other troops, [Apusuar] called Apirat to him, as though for a friendly chat, and then secretly did away with this man, who was so brave, mighty, and renowned throughout all the land of the Armenians.
Now there was a certain prince named Sari, who was general to the great Prince Apirat. [Sari] took [Apirat’s] wife and children and the cavalry force, and went to the city of Ani. King Yovhanne’s greatly lamented the unjust death of Apirat, prince of the Armenians, and the Armenian king gave districts and authority to his sons, Apljahap and Vasak, as well as to Sari and all the troops.
In this period the king of the Delumk’ [Daylamites] massed troops and unexpectedly arrived in the Nik district of Armenia, close to the fortress of Bjni. Now it happened that Vasak, asparapet of the Armenians, was seated in great merriment [in Bjni] with his beloved son, Grigor, and other glorious nobles. Vasak chanced to look out over the rocky road when, behold, he saw a man approaching on foot in a great hurry. Seeing him, Vasak said: “That man is bringing bad news.” When the man reached the gate of the fortress of Bjni, he cried out loudly: “The entire district of Nig has been taken captive.”
Յայնժամ գոչեաց որպէս զառիւծ քաջ զօրավարն Վասակ, եւ յարուցեալ զգենոյր զգեստ երկաթապատ, եւ զկնի նորա եւթն այր ազատ, եւ ըստ պատահելոյ ժամուն այլ հեծելազօրք զկնի նոցա։ Եւ կազմեցան ազատքն զկնի Վասակայ. եւ սլանայր քաջ եւ աղէկ անունն Փիլիպպէ, ընդ նմին եւ Գորգ եւ Չորտուանէլ եւ այլք ոմանք. եւ այսոքիկ արք քաջք եւ յաղթողք ի պատերազմունս. եւ ոչ կարաց Վասակ համբերել սրտին, մինչեւ զօրքն ժողովէին, վասն զի կային ընդ ձեռամբ նորա արք իբրեւ հինգ հազար. եւ առ հպարտութիւն զօրութեան իւրոյ հինգ հարիւր արամբ յառաջեալ որպէս զառիւծ ի Նգաց գաւառին, եւ յանձն արարեալ զտուն իւր եւ զամուրն Բջնի որդւոյ իւրում Գրիգորի։ Եւ հասանէր Վասակ ի վանք մի. հաղորդեցան ինքն եւ ամենայն զօրքն եւ խոստովանեցան զմեղս իւրեանց բարի խոստովանութեամբ, որ ի Քրիստոս Յիսուս։ Եւ ի ճանապարհին հանդիպեալ ի գեւղ մի եւ տեսին, զի այլազգիքն կոտորեալ էին զամենայն գեւղն առ հասարակ, եւ զօրք այլազգեացն պատեալ էին շուրջ զեկեղեցեաւն եւ զհաւատացեալսն որք ի ներքս կային կոտորէին զնոսա յանխնայ սրով։
Then the brave General Vasak roared like a lion and rose up, donning his iron coat of mail. Seven nobles also did so, and other cavalry began arriving. The nobles ranged themselves behind Vasak. Then the brave and illustrious P’ilippe’ flew to his side, as did Gorg and Ch’ortuane’l and some others. These men were brave and triumphant in battle. However, Vasak could not restrain his heart until the troops arrived, for he had under his hand some 5,000 men [altogether]. Through pride in the strength of 500 of his men [who were with him at the time], he advanced to the district of Nik, like a lion. He entrusted his House and the fortress of Bjni to his son, Grigor. When Vasak reached a monastery, he and all his troops took communion and confessed their sins, with a goodly confession in Jesus Christ. En route, they came upon a village and saw how the foreigners had destroyed that village completely. Moreover, the foreigners’ troops had surrounded a church and mercilessly were killing with their swords the believers who were inside.
When the brave Vasak observed this, he roared like a lion and attacked the force of the foreigners, killing three hundred of them. The rest were put to flight, fleeing back to the [main] army of the foreigners. Moving forward, the multitude of the Armenian army came upon the troops of the foreigners and saw the uncountable, limitless multitude of the foreigners’ troops. At the sight of this, [the Armenians] together chose death before life and began to take courage for the battle, like a wolf among goats or like an eagle among a flock of chicks. Thus did they bravely go into battle and pierced and felled many of them. At that point there arose from the troops of the foreigners a champion, a dark-skinned Qipchaq, a brave man whom they called Seven Wolves. He was so called because he did more [damage] in warfare among the [enemy] troops than did seven wolves attacking a flock of sheep.
Եւ ահա գայր խափշիկն իբրեւ զսեաւ ամպ որոտալով, որ բոց հատանէին ի վերայ զրահից նորա, եւ ձայն տուեալ եւ յանուանէ յուզէր Վասակ։ Հայեցաւ քաջն Եմրան, եւ ետես զնա, զի ահա գայր որպէս զլեառն մրրկեալ, դարձաւ առ Վասակ եւ ասէր. «Ահա այր անպարտելի եւ քաջ, որ այլ չէ ծնեալ ի վերայ երկրի»։ Եւ ասաց Վասակ. «Ո՛վ առիւծդ եւ քաջդ Եմրան, վասն է՞ր զարհուրեցար ընդ տեսիլ նորա. ահա ես ելից ընդդէմ նորա եւ տաց նմա զպարգեւքն, զոր ետ Դաւիթ Գողիաթու՝ հայհոյչին Աստուծոյ»։ Յայնժամ հասանէր գազան այրն այն, ռումբ եդեալ քաջին Վասակայ, որպէս զի առցէ զնա ի ծայր գեղարդեանն իւրոյ. եւ ի շտապս լեալ Վասակ ի ներքս դիմեաց եւ պողովատ թրովն ի վերայ սաղաւարտին քահեաց եւ յերկուս հերձեաց զխափշիկ քաջն, որ եւ մասունք մարմնոյն յերկիր անկանէին. եւ հաստատեցան ի պատերազմն եւ յանհնարին գործոյն։ Եւ ի սաստկանալ մարտին եւ ի բազմանալ խոցուածոց սուսերացն՝ պակասեաց քաջն Եմրան, վասն զի յանհուն եւ յանհնար պատերազմէն ի միմեանց մոլորեալ եղեն դասք ազատացն, որ եւ զիրերաց մահ ոչ կարացին տեսանել։
And behold, the Qipchaq approached like a thundering black cloud, with sparks flashing on his coat of mail, and he called out, seeking Vasak by name. The brave Emran, seeing the man approaching like a turbulent mountain, turned to Vasak and said: “Behold this invincible and valiant man, the likes of which this world has never seen.” Vasak replied: “O you brave lion, Emran, why are you terrified at the sight of him? Now watch how I will rise up against him and give him the kinds of gifts that David gave to Goliath, who had cursed God.” And then that beast-like man arrived and hurled a projectile at brave Vasak, intending to pierce him with his lance. But Vasak quickly ducked down. Then, with a steel sword, he struck the crest of his [opponent’s] helmet and sliced that brave Qipchaq into two parts which fell to the ground. And thus [the Armenians] were fortified for battle by this unbelievable feat. As the battle grew fiercer and the number pierced by swords grew greater, the brave Emran was not present, since the ranks of azats had strayed from each other in the immense and impossible battle and were not able to see one another’s deaths.

Chapter 5 #

Then brave Vasak, who had become isolated, turned about and, like an enraged lion, cut through the midst of the foreigners’ troops. [Vasak] had wearied from the great battle and went up onto the mountain named Serkeweli, where he sat himself down under the protection of some rocks, suffering from the many harassments of warfare. Some peasants who had been put to flight saw him. Then one of them, like the murderer of Cain, came up and saw him sleeping, [exhausted] from his wounds. He struck him forcefully and threw him down from a high rock. Thus perished the brave Vasak Pahlawuni.
This next [event] occurred in 421 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 972]. [In that year] the military commander of the Byzantines, the domesticus who was called Mleh, arose with many troops and came against the Tachiks. And here and there he defeated them, with the aid of Christ. [Mleh] arrived at the city of Melitene and harassed the city with numerous torments, preventing [the entrance] of bread and water. Thereby did he manage to convince the city of Melitene [to surrender]. Then [Mleh] arose and went with great joy to descend upon the city of Tigranakert, which was called Amida, [situated] on the banks of the Tigris River. The forces of the Tachiks arose to do battle with the Byzantines, and there occurred a fierce battle close to the gates of the city of Amida. The troops of the Tachiks, after sustaining many casualties, turned and took to flight before the troops of the Byzantines, and were able to enter the city. Then the Byzantine troops encamped by the banks of the river at a place called Awsal, [just] two arrow shots distant from the city.
After a few days, Divine Wrath came down from Heaven for, behold, a violent windstorm arose of such severity that the ground shook from the sound it made and—from the violence of the wind—the soil itself swirled into the air and dispersed upon the troops of the Christians. Thick dust covered man and beast and all their baggage, which ended up in the river. The dust darkened everything, blinding man and beast. It was from Divine Wrath that the dust clogged and darkened every eye, cutting off the light. All the Byzantine troops thus were besieged and were unable to extricate themselves. And then, when the troops of the foreigners saw the angry destruction so visited upon the Christians and realized that it was God who was warring against them, the foreigners one and all fell on the Christian troops and mercilessly put them to the sword.
They had been [an army] of some 50,000 men, but very few of them managed to escape the sword. The majority of those troops perished. Then the general, the domesticus, and forty other grandee and renowned princes of Byzantium were arrested and taken into the city of Amida. Now when the foreign princes saw the destruction of the Byzantine troops, they were exceedingly frightened and said: “All the blood which we shed from the House of the Byzantines will not benefit us. Rather, the Byzantines will come and enter the House of the Tachiks. Come, let us make friendship and unity with the Byzantine military commander and princes, secure an oath from them, and release them in peace to their own land.”
Եւ ի խորհելն նոցա զայս՝ եհաս համբաւ սպանմանն Նիկիփօռայ թագաւորին Հոռոմոց։ Եւ յայնժամ իշխանք այլազգեացն յուղարկեցին զիշխանս քրիստոնէից զքառասունսն առ խալիփայն ի Բաղդատ քաղաք, եւ ամենեքեան անդ մեռան։ Եւ գրեաց Դեմեսլիկոսն ի Կոստանդնուպօլիս թուղթ, եւ գրեաց ի նմա անէծս ցաւագինս եւ ասէր այսպէս, զի թէ «Մեք ոչ էաք արժանի ըստ օրինի քրիստոնէից մտանել ի յօրհնեալ հող գերեզմանի, այլ եղաք ժառանգորդս անիծեալ հողոյ եւ չարագործաց գերեզմանի. եւ ահա մեք զձեզ ոչ գիտեմք, որ նստաւ յաթոռ սուրբ թագաւորութեանն Հոռոմոց. եւ զմահս մեր եւ զարիւն, զոր հեղաւ ի դուռն Ամիթ քաղաքին, եւ զօտար մահս մեր ի գլխոյ խնդրեսցէ Քրիստոս Աստուած մեր ի յաւուր դատաստանին, եթէ ոչ արասցես վրէժխնդրութիւն ի քաղաքէն Ամթայ»։ Եւ իբրեւ հասանէր թուղթս այս առ թագաւոր Չմշկիկ ի Կոստանդնուպօլիս, եւ եղեւ յորժամ լուաւ զայս թագաւորն, շարժեալ լինէր մեծաւ բարկութեամբ եւ լի իսկ եղեալ ամենայն սրտմտութեամբ. եւ ի նոյն ամին զօրաժողով արար առ հասարակ զամենայն աշխարհն արեւմտից, գայր զօրացեալ, որպէս հուր բորբոքեալ լինէր, եւ յարձակեցաւ ի պատերազմ ի վերայ Տաճկաց եւ կամեցաւ զմուտն յաշխարհն Հայոց առնել։
While they were so conferring, news came of the murder of the emperor of the Byzantines, Nicephorus. At that point, the princes of the foreigners sent the 40 Christian princes to the caliph in Baghdad. All of them died there. [Prior to this] the domesticus had written a letter to Constantinople which contained hurtful curses in this vein: “We are unworthy to enter the blessed cemetery for believing Christians, rather, we shall be inheritors of a cemetery for criminals where the ground is accursed. Behold, we do not know you who sits on the throne of the blessed Byzantine empire. But if you do not wreak vengeance on the city of Amida, Christ our God on Judgment Day shall hold you accountable for our death and blood which was shed at the gates of the city of Amida, and our death in a foreign land.” When this letter reached Emperor Tzimisces in Constantinople and when he heard its contents, he was transported into a furious rage. That same year he assembled troops from all the Western lands and, so armed, came like a blazing fire to attack the Tachiks, wanting to enter the land of the Armenians.

Chapter 6 #

Then all the royal offspring of the Armenians, the azats, princes, and all the grandees of the lands of the House of the East assembled by the king of the Armenians, Ashot Bagratuni. [This included] the king of Kapan, P’ilippe’, and the king of the Aghuans, Gurge’n; Abas, lord of Kars; Senek’erim, lord of Vaspurakan; Gurge’n, lord of Andzewats’ik’, and everyone from the House of Sasan. In the district of Hark’ they assembled an army of some 80,000 men.
Then emissaries of the Byzantine emperor came to them and observed the preparedness of the entire House of the Armenians, assembled in one place. They went back and related this to Emperor Tzimisces. Following after the Byzantine envoys were [a group of] Armenian princes [including] the philosopher Lewon, Prince Stat Tor’net’si, as well as others, bishops and vardapets, and they established friendship and peace between the emperor of the Byzantines and Ashot, king of the Armenians. Then Emperor Tzimisces advanced with an awesome multitude and arrived in the Armenian district of Taron, descending on Muş in front of Aytseats’ fortress. On the first night the Byzantine troops endured numerous harassments from the infantry troops of Sasan. Then Armenian princes and vardapets arrived by the Byzantine emperor and showed him a letter from Vahan, Catholicos of the Armenians.
The emperor took and read it and greatly exalted both the letter and its bearers. He confirmed an oath of friendship with the Armenians and requested from Ashot troops which would come to assist him. Ashot provided some 10,000 armed fighters, and [when the emperor] requested stipends for [their] food, Ashot gave that and everything else [requested]. Then [the emperor] sent the Armenian vardapet Ghewond, the bishops, and princes back to Ashot, king of the Armenians, with grand gifts.
Յայնժամ Չմշկիկ՝ որ ասէին Կիւռժան, դարձաւ ի պատերազմ ի վերայ Տաճկաց եւ մեծաւ յաղթութեամբ եւ սրտմտութեամբ, կոտորածով եւ արեամբ ելից զամենայն երկիրն. եւ զբազում քաղաքս եւ զամուր բերդս ի հիմանց քարայատակս արար՝ երեք հարիւր մինչեւ ի սահմանս Բաղդատ քաղաքին։ Բայց զՈւռհա ոչ արար աւեր յաղագս կրօնաւորացն, որ բնակեալ էին ի լերինն եւ ամենայն սահմանս նորա՝ իբրեւ երկոտասան հազար. եւ գայր հասանէր ի վերայ Ամթայ քաղաքին բազում սրտմտութեամբ։ Իսկ տէրն Ամթայ քաղաքին կին էր, որ էր քոյր Համտնոյ ամիրային Տաճկաց։ Եւ յառաջ ժամանակաց թագաւորն խառնակեալ էր ընդ նմա մեղօք եւ վասն այնորիկ չարաչար հնարս առնելոյ զքաղաքն Ամիթ։ Եւ ելեալ կնոջն ի վերայ պարսպի քաղաքին, ասէ ցթագաւորն. «Ի վերայ կնոջ գաս ի պատերազմ եւ չհամարի՞ս զայս քեզ նախատինք»։ Եւ ասէր թագաւորն. «Երդում ունիմ առ իս քակել զպարիսպ քաղաքիդ, եւ ազատեսցին մարդիկդ»։ Ասէր տիկինն քաղաքին. «Էջ քակեա զկանդարայն՝ որ կայ ի վերայ Տգլաթ գետոյ, եւ այնու կատարեսցես զերդումն քո»։
Tzimisces, whom they called Kiwr’zhan, then turned to warfare against the Tachiks with great triumph and in anger, filling up the entire country with killings, and blood. He demolished to their foundations many cities and secure fortresses—some 300 of them—as far as the borders of Baghdad. But he did not destroy Edessa, because of some 12,000 clerics who dwelt on the mountain there and throughout all the [city’s] borders. [Tsimisces] arrived at the city of Amida in great anger. However, the lord of the city of Amida was a woman, who was the sister of Hamdan, emir of the Tachiks. Now in previous times the emperor sinfully had commingled with her and, therefore, he did not make a stratagem to capture the city of Amida. The woman went up onto the city wall and said to the emperor: “Do you come in battle against a woman and not consider it an insult?” The emperor replied: “I have sworn to demolish the walls of your city, to free the people.” The woman of the city responded: “Descend and pull down the bridge which spans the Tigris River, and thereby you will fulfill your oath.”
And that is what the emperor did. Thus, after taking much gold and silver treasure, he left Amida because of its woman and also because Tzimisces was from the district of Khozan, from the place now called Ch’mshkatsak and the woman was from the same area. For in that period the Tachiks ruled over many places. Behold, the emperor of the Byzantines went through the land of the Tachiks shedding blood as far as the borders of the city of Baghdad. Then he turned through the interior of the land and went to the city of Jerusalem.

Chapter 7 #

Emperor Tzimisces wrote a letter to Ashot, king of the Armenians, with this content:
«Աշոտ շահնշահ Հայոց մեծաց, եւ իմ հոգեկան զաւակ, լուր եւ իմացիր թէ ո՛րչափ ինչ սքանչելիս արար Աստուած առ մեզ եւ զարմանալի յաղթութիւնս, որ եւ իմանալն անկարելի է զԱստուծոյ քաղցրութիւնն եւ զահաւոր մարդասիրութիւնն՝ զոր արար տէր ընդ ժառանգութիւնս իւր։ Ի յայսմ տարւոջս ի ձեռն թագաւորութեանս մերում կամեցաք եւ քո փառաւորութեանդ ծանուցանել, ո՞վ Աշոտ Բագրատունի եւ զաւակ իմ. իմացուցանեմ քեզ, որ եւ դու, որպէս եւ քրիստոնեայդ ես եւ հաւատարիմ սիրելի թագաւորութեանս մերում, ուրախանաս եւ փառաւորես զահաւոր զմեծութիւնն Քրիստոսի Աստուծոյ մերոյ եւ գիտասցես թէ ո՛րչափ օգնեսցէ Աստուած քրիստոնէից յամենայն ժամանակի քանզի յետ հարկատու առնելոյ թագաւորութեանս մերոյ զամենայն արեւելս Պարսից. եւ կամ թէ ո՛րպէս հանաք զնշխարս սրբոյ հայրապետին Յակոբայ՝ Մծբնայ ի քաղաքէն Տաճկաց եւ առաք ի Տաճկաց զհարկն մեր, եւ զգերութիւնն հանաք ի նոցանէն եւ ելեալ գնացաք։ Եւ վասն ամբարտաւանութեան եւ հպարտութեան Ամիր-ըլ-մումնոյ իշխանին Ափրիկեցւոց, զորս Մախըր Արապիկ կոչեն, որ եւ բազում զօրօք եկեալ ի վերայ մեր եւ առ ժամ մի ի վտանգի արկին զօրսն մեր, եւ ապա յաղթեցաք նոցա մեծաւ զօրութեամբ եւ օգնականութեամբն Աստուծոյ, եւ ամօթալից դարձան որպէս զայլ թշնամիսն։
“To Ashot, shahnshah of Greater Armenia, and my spiritual son. Hear and learn just what kinds of marvels and amazing victories God has given us. Knowing about them it is impossible to comprehend the sweetness of God and His great love for humanity and the astounding benevolence in making friendship among His inheritance. We should like to inform you about what we were able to accomplish during this year, O glorious Ashot Bagratuni, my son. I shall make you aware of it as you are a Christian and faithful to our beloved empire, to make you happy and so that you glorify the awesome greatness of Christ our God and realize the extent to which God always helps the Christians. For He made tributary to our empire the entire Persian East. [You shall learn also] how we removed the relics of the blessed patriarch James of Nisibis from a Tachik city and extracted our tribute from the Tachiks; how we took from them our captives and arose and departed. Now it happened that [the caliph, or Commander of the Faithful, the] Amir al-Muminin—prince of the [Fatimid] Africans, whom the Arabs call Maghrebis—in his arrogance and pride arose and came against us with many troops. And for a while he put our troops in danger, but then we conquered them with the great strength and assistance of God. As our other enemies [had done], they also turned back in disgrace.
«Եւ յայնժամ առաք զներքին կողմն աշխարհին նոցա եւ ի սուր սուսերի մաշեցաք զգաւառս բազումս եւ փութապէս դարձաք ի դուրս եւ արարաք ձմերոց եւ զամենայն հեծելազօրսն մեր հռոգեցաք. Յապրիլի ամսեանն ի մուտն դիմեալ խաղացաք ի յաշխարհն Փիւնիկեցւոց եւ Պաղեստինացւոց եւ քննայոյզ առնէաք զպիղծ Ափրիկեցիսն, որք եկեալ էին ի գաւառն Շամայ։ Եւ ելեալ ամենայն զօրօք մերովք դիմեալ խաղալով գնացաք ի յԱնտիոքայ եւ անցաք ընդ ամենայն գաւառսն մերոյ թագաւորութեանս եւ ի հնազանդութիւն արարաք մեծաւ հարկատրութեամբ եւ անհամար գերութեամբ եւ հասաք մինչեւ ի Հէմս քաղաք. եւ ելեալ ընդունեցին զմեզ բարւոք՝ որք մեր հարկատուքն էին գաւառականքն. եւ հասանէաք մինչեւ ի Վատոլվէքն, որ անուանեալ կոչի Իլուպօլիս, որ է Արեգ քաղաք, երեւելի եւ ահաւոր պարսպեալ մեծ յոյժ եւ հարուստ։ Եւ ելին պատերազմաւ ընդ առաջ մեր, եւ բազմութիւնք զօրաց մերոց հալածական արարին զնոսա եւ ի բերան սրոյ կոտորեցին։ Եւ յետ սակաւ աւուրց պաշարեցաք զԱրեգ քաղաք. բազում գերութիւնս, մանկունս եւ աղջկունս առին զօրքն մեր եւ զգանձս ոսկւոյ եւ արծաթոյ անասունս բազումս առին.
“After this, we took the interior portion of their land, putting many districts to the sword. Then we quickly turned and exited. We made our winter quarters and paid stipends to all our cavalry. At the beginning of the month of April, we applied ourselves to the land of the Phoenicians and Palestinians and avenged ourselves on the impious Africans, who had come to the district of Syria. Then, arriving with all our troops, we went on to Antioch, subduing and adding all these districts to our empire. Taking great tribute and countless captives, we went as far as the city of Homs. Those who were of the districts tributary to us, arose and received us well. Then we reached Baalbek, which is called Heliopolis, which is Areg [“Sun”] City. This had noteworthy and daunting fortifications and was very large and rich. They arose before us in battle. But the multitude of our troops put them to flight and put them to the edge of the sword. After a few days, we besieged Sun City. Our forces took many captives, boys and girls, and treasures of gold and silver as well as many animals.
“After this we arose and advanced to the large city of Damascus. We also wanted to besiege it. However, the head of the city was an old and wise man. He sent many gifts to our majesty and beseeched us not to enslave them or lead them into servitude as had happened to the residents of Baalbek, and not to ruin their districts as [we did] with the others.
“They brought many valuable gifts and numerous excellent horses and mules and beautifully wrought creations of gold and silver and taxes from the Arabs amounting to 40,000 dahekans. They received generals from us and gave a document [confirming] that they would eternally be subject to our realm from generation to generation. We set up there as general a certain glorious man from Baghdad, who was named T’urk’. He came to us in service with 500 cavalry, and believed in Christ. Formerly, he had served our empire. The Damascenes wrote an oath that they would pay taxes unimpeded and also praised our realm and [vowed that they] would fight against our enemies. Then we left them without a siege.

Chapter 8 #

“From there we arose and went to the Sea of Tiberias, where our Lord Jesus Christ had performed a miracle with 153 fish. Now we also wanted to besiege that city. However, they came out in submission to our realm and brought us many gifts, as the Damascenes had done, and 30,000 dahekans in taxes along with other gifts. They requested military commanders from us and gave us a document expressing submission, as had the Damascenes, [confirming] that they would remain obedient to us forever and pay our tax without hindrance. Thus, we left them without taking captives, did not destroy the city or the district, or plunder them. For this place was a patrimonial home of holy Apostles. [We had respect] here and also for Nazareth, where the Mother of God, the blessed Virgin Mary, heard glad tidings from the angels. Then we went to Mt. Tabor and ascended to the place where Christ our God was transfigured.
“While we were there, [people] came to us from Ramla and Jerusalem to beseech our majesty and to find mercy from us. They also requested a general, became tributary, and pledged to remain our subjects—all of which we granted. We also wanted to free from Tachik captivity the Sepulcher of Christ our God. We designated generals in all the themes which submitted and became tributary to our empire: Beisan, also called Decapolis, Genesareth, and Acre, also called Ptolemais. In writing, they agreed to pay taxes yearly and without impediment, and to be in service to us.
Գնացաք մինչեւ ի Կեսարիա, որ է եզր մեծի ծովուն Ովկիանոսի, հնազանդեցան եւ եկին ընդ մերով իշխանութեամբս։ Եւ եթէ ոչ էին փախուցեալ ծովերաց բերդերն, որք էին բնակեալ պիղծ Ափրիկեցիքն, զարհուրեալք ի մէնջ, օգնականութեամբն Աստուծոյ ի սուրբ քաղաքն յԵրուսաղէմ էաք գնացեալ եւ ի սուրբ տեղիսն Աստուծոյ էաք յաղօթս կացեալ։ Եւ իբրեւ լուաք եթէ փախեան ծովեզերաց բնակիչքն, յայնժամ զվերին կողմն աշխարհին հնազանդեցուցաք եւ ընդ Հոռոմոց իշխանութեամբ արարաք եւ կարգեցաք անդ զօրավար եւ ի մեր կոյս արարաք եւ գոչ հնազանդեալսն պատերազմաւ պաշարեցաք եւ առեալ գնացաք ընդ ծովեզերին պողոտայն, որ դէմ յանդիման երթայր ի Վռիտոն քաղաքն յերեւելին եւ յանուանին պարսպեալ յոյժ, որ այժմ ասի Պէրութ, պատերազմեալ եւ սաստիկ կռուով առեալ զնա եւ հազար Ափրիկեցի ձերբակալս արարաք, նոյնպէս եւ զՆուսերի զԱմիր-ըլ-մումնոյ եւ զայլ լաւագոյն իշխանսն. եւ յայն քաղաքն զօրավար եդաք եւ անտի կամեցաք ի Սիդովն անցանել։
We advanced as far as Caesarea, located on the shore of the Ocean Sea [Mediterranean]. They submitted and came under our rule. Furthermore, if the loathsome Africans had not fled to the coastal fortresses and holed up there out of fear of us, with the aid of God we would have gone on to the holy city of Jerusalem to pray in the holy places of God. When we heard that the coastal population had fled, we brought into obedience the upper part of the land, placing them under Byzantine sovereignty. We established a general there and also brought over to our side by siege and warfare those who had not submitted. After taking them, we went via the coastal route, which leads directly to the prominent, renowned, and very well-walled city of Vr’iton, which is now called Beirut. Engaging in fierce battle, we also took that [city] and arrested a thousand Africans, including Nasir [the general] of the Amir al-Mu’min and others of the best princes. We put a general in that city and wished to go thence to Sidon.
“When the people of Sidon heard about this, they sent their city elders to us. [The elders] came and beseeched our majesty and, in great fear, asked to become tributary to us and to be and remain in our service. When we heard their requests, we assented to them, taking taxes from them and giving them generals. Then we arose from there and went to the old fortress of Byblos, which we also seized in battle, taking its residents into captivity. With a great amount of booty and captives, we went through all the coastal cities via a difficult and narrow road, by which route other cavalry had never passed due to its narrowness and difficulty. We found there flourishing and lovely cities and fortified strongholds. In them were Tachik guards. We besieged all of them, destroyed them to their foundations, and led their inhabitants into captivity. Before we reached Tripoli, we sent both thematic and garrison cavalry to the pass called K’areres, since we had learned that the loathsome Africans were occupying that pass. We ordered that an ambuscade be set there, creating a deadly trap for them. What we ordered was implemented. Two thousand of their [fighters] arose from their concealment and fell upon our troops. Many of [the enemy] were killed, while many others were taken captive and brought before our imperial majesty. Moreover, wherever others of them were encountered, they were put to flight.
We completely destroyed the entire land of Tripoli, cutting down their vineyards, olive groves, and gardens, and generally wrecking and ruining all districts, and pulling them up by the roots. The Africans who were there dared to arise against us in battle. Then did we attack and generally destroy all of them.

Chapter 9 #

«Եւ ապա առաք զմեծ քաղաքն զՃուէլն, որ Գաբաւոնն կոչէին, եւ զՎաղանեացն եւ զՍիհունն, եւ զինքն իսկ զհռչակաւորն Զուրզաւ, եւ ոչ մնաց մինչեւ զՌամլէ եւ զԿեսարիա՝ ոչ ծով եւ ոչ ցամաք, որք ոչ հնազանդեցան թագաւորութեանս մերում, զօրութեամբն Անեղին Աստուծոյ, զի մինչեւ զԲաբելոն հնազանդ արարաք թագաւորութեանս մերում եւ արարաք ծառայս զնոսա մեզ։ Վասն զի ամիսս եւթն շրջեցաւ թագաւորութիւնս մեր յայնմ աշխարհին հանդերձ զօրօք բազմօք. եւ սպառեցաք զքաղաքս եւ զգաւառս եւ ոչ իշխեաց ելանել Ամիր-ըլ-մումնի ի Բաբելոնէ ընդդէմ մեր եւ կամ հեծեալս արձակել յիւր զօրացն յօգնութիւն։ Եւ եթէ չէր լեալ խստագոյն խորշակ եւ անջրդի ճանապարհ ի յայն տեղիսն, որ մերձ է ի Բաբելոն, որպէս եւ քո փառաւորութիւնդ իսկ գիտենալ ունի, թագաւորութիւնս մեր մինչեւ ի Բաբելոն երթեալ էր. որ եւ զինքն իսկ յերկիրն Եգիպտացւոց հալածեցաք եւ իսպառ յաղթահարեալ շնորհօքն Աստուծոյ, որ թագաւորեցոյցն զիս։
“Next we took the great city called Chue’l, which is called Jabala, and also Valania, and Saone, and even the renowned Burzuya. And thus there remained no place of either sea or land between Ramla and Caesarea which had not submitted to our majesty, by the power of the Increate God. Indeed, we made obedient to our empire [territory] as far as Babylon and made them our servants. For it was seven months that our imperial majesty circulated around with many troops in that land. We emptied cities and districts, while [the Commander of the Faithful], the Amir al-Muminin did not dare to issue forth from Baghdad against us nor to send his cavalry to aid his own troops. Moreover, had it not been for the great heat and the waterless route from there to the environs of Babylon—as your highness himself knows—our royal majesty then would have gone on to Babylon. Indeed, through the grace of God Who enthroned us, we would have chased him to the country of the Egyptians and completely conquered him.
“We now have freed from servitude to the Tachiks all of Phoenicia, Palestine, and Syria, and convinced them to enter under Byzantine rule. Furthermore, we subjected to our rule the great Mount Lebanon and all the Tachiks who were there. We took a great number of captives and divided them among our cavalry. Mildly and humanely, we shepherded Asorestan, removing therefrom some 20,000 souls and settling them in Jabala. Behold, and realize that God gave to the Christians such a victory as had never occurred before.
Եւ գտաք յայնմ քաղաքին ի Գաբաւօնն զսուրբ հողաթափն Քրիստոսի Աստուծոյ մերոյ, որով եւ շրջեցաւ իսկ ի վերայ աշխարհի. նոյնպէս եւ զպատկերն Փրկչին մերոյ, զորս Հրէայքն յետ ժամանակի խոցեալ էին, ուստի վաղվաղակի ել արիւն եւ ջուր, եւ զխոց տիգին. գտաք եւ յայնմ քաղաքին զպատուական հերս գլխոյ Կարապետին եւ Մկրտչին Յովհաննու եւ առեալ տանիմք ի պահպանութիւն աստուածապահ քաղաքին մերոյ։ Եւ արդ ի սեպտեմբեր ամսոյն հաճութեամբն Աստուծոյ զմեր աստուածակեցոյց զօրքս ի յԱնտիոք հանաք եւ վասն այսորիկ քո փառաւորութեանդ գիտացուցաք, վասն զի ի ձեռն մեր հրամանացս զարմանաս եւ դու ինքն իսկ փառաւորես զԱստուծոյ մեծ մարդասիրութիւնն եւ գիտասցես թէ ո՛րչափ բարի գործեցան այժմիկ եւ կամ քանի՛ յաւելան եւ լայն եւ ընդարձակ եղեւ իշխանութիւն սրբոյ Խաչին Քրիստոսի եւ մինչեւ ցայս տեղիք անունն Աստուծոյ գովի եւ փառաւորի. եւ ճոխանայ թագաւորութիւնս մեր անուամբ մեծութեամբ եւ զօրութիւնն Աստուծոյ բարեբանեալ գովի ի բերանոյ մերմէ. զորս ընդ ձեռամբ մերով հնազանդեցոյց Աստուած, ընդ որում հանապազօր օրհնեալ տէր Աստուած Իսրայէլի։
Beyond this, we discovered in that city of Jabala the blessed sandals of Christ our God which He wore as he walked the earth, and an image of our Savior which subsequently the Jews had pierced and [from which hole] immediately flowed blood and water. The hole made [in the picture] from the lance also [was visible]. In the same city we also found venerable hairs from the head of John, [known as] the Precursor and the Baptist. We took them for safety to our God-preserved city. Then, with the assent of God, in the month of September, we returned our God-supported troops to Antioch. We inform your majesty about what was accomplished at our direction, so that you admire these achievements and also glorify God’s great love for humanity, and how much goodness was accomplished here and how enlarged and extended the realm of the holy Cross of Christ has become, and how far the name of God is praised and glorified. Our kingdom has grown rich with renown, and praise for the glory of benevolent God is on our lips. It was God Who subdued those who were brought under our control. Blessed be the Lord, God of Israel, forever.
“From a report of Lewon, protospatharius of Derjan and military commander of Taron, we have received salutations and joy in the Lord.

Chapter 10 #

“[Moreover, in that report] we have learned that you have not given up Aytseats’ fortress, which you took for your own. Now we have written to our generals not to take that fortress nor to take the grain you provisioned there, since at present we have no need of it. But as regards the 40,000 sovo’lo’ns we sent [to you], have them taken to our general for him to send to our kingdom. For your crops and cereals you shall receive equal value, good for good.”
[Tzimisces] also wrote to the Armenian vardapet Ghewond, as follows:
“Greetings to you, Pandaleon, great philosopher, dear and beloved to our blessed and agreeable kingdom. We command that when we have returned from the Tachiks, we find you [present] in our blessed city, or at Slesin. [Be there] when you have come from [seeing] Shahnshah Ashot, our spiritual son, and have deflected all his anger [against us], and after you have taken Bagrat to Pap Andzewats’i, as well as Smbat T’or’nets’i, the protospatharius. Endeavor that I find you in our God-protected city and there we shall celebrate a great festival for the [discovery of the] sandals of Christ our God, and for the blessed hair of John the Baptist. Moreover, it would please us if you confer with our sages and philosophers, so that we may rejoice in you and so that God [may rejoice] in us and in you, and so that Lord Jesus [may rejoice] in his servants.”
Now when the Armenian vardapet Ghewond heard this, he arose and went to Constantinople. They held a marvelous celebration in honor of the sandals of [Christ] God and the hair of the blessed Precursor. That was a day of great rejoicing in Constantinople. And the vardapet of the Armenians spoke in the emperor’s presence with all the Byzantine philosophers, and revealed himself as invincible among the vardapets of the House of the Byzantines, since all his responses to their questions were agreeable. They lauded him and his teacher with much praise and the emperor bestowed on him great, noteworthy, and valuable gifts. Then [vardapet Ghewond] returned with great joy to the great House of Shirak in the land of the Armenians.
Now after many battles and victories which Emperor Tzimisces had pursued, there fell upon him the fear of death and dire dread of God’s judgment, and he recalled the unjust death of Emperor Nicephorus and his innocent blood. He lamented, sighing and weeping. He thought to lead a virtuous life so that perhaps, through repentance, he might wipe away the blood which had been wrongfully shed. He occupied the throne of the empire of the Byzantines for only five years. While he was pondering all these things, he came up with a good plan which was in accordance with God’s will: he sent to Vasakawan in the district of Andzit’ and had retrieved Basil and Kostandin, sons of Emperor Romanus. He had caused them to flee to [the woman] Spram, out of fear of the impious empress who was extremely malicious.
As soon as Basil had been brought to Constantinople, an assembly was convened of all the grandee princes of the House of the Byzantines, and an imposing ceremony took place in the imperial palace. Then, with his own hands, Emperor Tzimisces removed the crown from his head, and placed it on the head of Basil, and seated him on the throne of his kingdom. Then [Tzimisces] prostrated himself before Basil and entrusted to him the entire kingdom of the House of the Byzantines. He gave to Basil his own patrimonial throne, while he himself went to a retreat. [Tzimisces] became a cleric and went and resided in a monastery. Behold the man who was king on the previous evening and who, today, sits among the poor in voluntary poverty. [This was done] so that he might inherit the joy of the blessed Gospel and pay off [his] debt for the innocent blood of Nicephorus [which he had shed].

Chapter 11 #

At the beginning of the year 424 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 975/976], Basil reigned as the father of all. He was the son of the old Romanus, son of Constantine, emperor of the Romans, of a good lineage among the Byzantines. This Basil, the brother of Kostand, was a very noteworthy man. He ruled over the royal throne of the Byzantines, subduing many rebels, and acquiring a goodly reputation among all creation, [being] merciful to widows and captives and just toward the dispossessed.
Յայսմ աւուրքս եղեւ կոտորած զօրացն Հայոց յԱնձաւացեաց գաւառին, ի բանակն կոչեցեալ անուն նենգութեամբ առն քաջին Ապլղարիպայ։ Վասն զի թագաւորն Անձաւացեաց, որում անուն Դերենիկն ասէին, եհան զԱպլղարիպն ի սպարապետութենէ զօրաց իւրոց, զայր հզօր եւ զքաջ, եւ եդեալ ի տեղի իւր զՍարգիս զոմն ազատ։ Եւ կարի յոյժ վիրաւորեալ լինէր հզօրն Ապլղարիպ. եւ յայնժամ բանատու լինէր առ հզօրսն այլազգեաց, եւ զամենայն պատճառս ծանուցանէր նոցա եւ ասաց, թէ՝ «Ես ոչ ելից ի պատերազմ ընդ ձեզ. եւ արդ՝ ի գիշերի յարուցեալ եկայք ի վերայ բանակիս մեր. եւ ահա այս նշան ձեզ իմոյ վրանին, յորդան կարմիր է, եւ ի վերայ բլրին հարեալ կայ, եւ զօրք իմ ընդ իս»։ Իսկ զօրք այլազգեացն եկին ի վերայ նոցա յանկասկած ժամու. եւ էր թագաւորն եւ զօրքն իւր ի մեծ ուրախութեան, եւ ի գիշերի անկան ի վերայ զօրացն Հայոց զօրք այլազգեացն եւ արարին կոտորած մեծ. եւ մեռան բազում պատերազմողք եւ երեւելի քաջք։ Բայց ապաշաւելի այս իսկ էր, վասն զի չէր պատերազմ ի պատեհ ժամու. եւ արարին ձերբակալ զԴերենիկ զթագաւորն. եւ ընդ Ապլղարիպայ վրանովն ոչ իշխեաց անցանել ոք, վասն զի կայր ընդ վրանին զօրօք իւրովք պատրաստական։ Եւ յայնժամ տարան զԴերենիկ ի Հեր քաղաքի։
In this period there took place a destruction of Armenian troops in the district of Andzewats’ik’. [This occurred] from the army of the brave [commander] Aplgharip [who acquired] the name of a traitor. The king of Andzewats’ik’, whose name was Derenik, had removed the mighty and valiant Aplgharip from the [position of] commander-in-chief of his forces. In his place [Derenik] put a certain nobleman named Sargis. The mighty Aplgharip was greatly wounded by this. He began acting as a spy for the powerful foreigners, informing them about everything, and saying: “I shall not come out in battle against you. Now arise and come against our army in the nighttime. Let my tent be a sign for you [to avoid]: it is red and pitched on a hill, and my troops will be with me.” The troops of the foreigners thus came against [Derenik’s troops] at an unexpected hour, while the king and his soldiers were making merry. The foreigners’ troops fell upon the Armenian troops in the night and wrought a great slaughter. Many noteworthy and brave combatants died. It was regrettable that the battle had occurred at an unsuitable hour. King Derenik was arrested, while no one dared to come near Aplgharip’s tent, since his troops were there and were prepared. Derenik was taken to the city of Her.
On that day [the monastery of] Varag and all the monks invoked painful and severe curses on Aplgharip. Monks and cenobites were so roused against him that they excommunicated him from the faith and expelled him from the Church of God. As for Aplgharip—when he came to his senses—he wept, since he was a man of faith and fearful of God. He greatly regretted the shedding of the blood of the braves from the Armenian forces. And then he made inquiries about the king, [asking] in what fortress he was being kept at Her. Furthermore, they told him that Emir Aplhach had released Derenik from fetters and was always taking him outside the city of Her to a maytan for playing ball. When Aplgharip heard this, he was overjoyed and secretly sent to King Derenik, saying: “Behold, I will be at that spot at such and such a time. Ready yourself and be completely prepared. Mount a choice and swift steed and try to encounter me.”

Chapter 12 #

Now as it happened, on a certain day Aplhach went out to play ball, accompanied by many of his azats. There were a thousand armed men around him. Meanwhile, Aplgharip was hiding in an ambuscade with fifty men. Derenik asked one of the senior barons to give him his swift horse, and [the man] gave it to him, all equipped. Then Derenik struck the ball and raced in pursuit of it to the very place where Aplgharip was concealed in the densely forested gardens of Her. Then Derenik forcefully spurred his horse, leaving the group behind, and escaping.
When Emir Aplhach and his troops saw this, they pursued in great wrath. The king, trusting in God, bravely advanced to Aplgharip. Now among the forces of the foreigners was a certain xap’shik [black], a strong and brave man who charged forward, coming against Aplgharip. Aplgharip roared like a lion, rode against him, and struck him savagely, splitting the man in half, from his head to his waist. When the foreigners saw this they turned in flight. Aplgharip shouted to his brave men and pursued them, reaching Emir Aplhach, whom he wanted to unhorse. [Aplgharip] continued, chasing after him as far as the city gates. But the emir, like a streak of lightning, passed through the gates of Her city.
Then Aplgharip struck the iron gates of the city with his steel ax, piercing through the iron to the other side. This ax has remained there to this day, firmly held in, like a bolt. In this fashion did brave Aplgharip remove King Derenik from captivity. This occurred in the Chuash district of the land of the Armenians, bordering on Vaspurakan, at the village called Bak. At the beginning of the year 425 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 976], the call came from God to the blessed patriarch of the Armenians, Anania [I Mokats’i, 946-968]. With a great throng, [clerics] ordained to the throne of the Catholicosate of the Armenians the venerable and goodly Vahan. At the head of the assembly was Lord Yovhanne’s, Catholicos of the Aghuans. And so it came about that in this year, by order of Anania, and the Armenian kings Yovhanne’s and Ashot, Lord Vahan was seated on the throne of the patriarchate of the House of the Armenians, in [the city of] great Argina.
In this period a certain impious prince who was called Scelerus rebelled against the Byzantine emperor Basil. Scelerus mustered troops in a multitude of unjust and impious men and put the land of the Byzantines to the sword. With many troops [Scelerus, this man] alienated from God, came and entered the land of the Armenians. Then the troops of the Armenians went against him and defeated that impious prince with great triumph, and made him flee because of his casualties. [Scelerus], not daring to return to the country of the Byzantines, placed his hopes on the Tachik nation. That impious man went and entered the city of Baghdad. After three years he emerged and came to his own folk on Byzantine territory, where he died.

Chapter 13 #

In 432 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 983] Vahan, the blessed patriarch of the Armenians, died having occupied the throne of Saint Gregory for five years. They ordained to the throne of the Catholicosate of the Armenians Lord Step’annos, a man clothed in divinity, adorned with all goodly virtues in Jesus Christ. They seated him as patriarch of the Armenians by order of, and with the blessings of, Lord Vahan. The head of the assembly was Lord Yovhanne’s of the Aghuans. This took place during the time of Basil, emperor of the Byzantines, and of Yovhanne’s and Ashot, kings of the Armenians, and of Senek’erim, son of Apusahl, son of Ashot, son of Derenik, son of Gagik Artsrunik’, of the line of Sanasar.
Արդ ի սոցա աւուրս զօրաժողով արարեալ անօրէն եւ պիղծ բռնակալն Պարսից Մամլան, ամիրապետն անօրինաց եւ ժանդաբարու գազանութեամբն իւրով իբրեւ զարիւնարբու վիշապ յարձակեալ գայր ի վերայ հաւատացելոցն Քրիստոսի եւ խորհեցաւ կոտորած մեծ ածել ի վերայ աշխարհին Հայոց։ Եւ գայր խաղայր ահագին եւ անհամար բազմութեամբ եւ ելից զլերինս եւ զդաշտս զօրօք իւրովք. եւ յահէ անօրինին սասանեալ դողայր ամենայն երկիր, եւ սրով եւ հրով գերեաց զբազում տեղիս. եւ զեկեղեցիս հրկէզ արարեալ խափանեաց յօրհնութեանցն եւ բազում բանս հայհոյութեանց ի վեր ի բարձունս խօսեցաւ առ Բարձրեալն։ Եւ անդ էր տեսանել զմեծ եւ զահեղ կատարածն քրիստոնէից ի յահէ չար գազանին այն, զի զբարկութիւն չար թիւնիցն իւր որպէս զմաղձ դառնաշունչ եհեղ ի վերայ հաւատացելոցն. եւ գայր հասանէր այսքան բազմութեամբն յԱպահունեաց գաւառին, յերկիրն Դաւթի կուրապաղտին՝ Վրաց իշխանին։ Եւ գրեաց թուղթ առ աստուածասէր եւ սուրբ այրն Աստուծոյ Դաւիթ կուրապաղտն եթէ չարաչար բանիւք սպառնացեալ նմա եւ խօսէր զայս ինչ.
In these days Mamlan, the impious and loathsome tyrant of the Persians, mustered troops. [Mamlan] was the chief emir of the impious ones, a venomous beast who resembled a bloodthirsty dragon. He came forth attacking the believers in Christ, and planned a great destruction against the land of the Armenians. He came with an enormous, countless multitude, filling up the mountains and the plains with his troops, while the entire country trembled with fear from this impious man. With sword and with fire he enslaved many places. He set fire to churches, obstructing their blessings and hurling many insults to the heavens, to Him On High. One could see there the great and frightful destruction of Christians wrought by that wicked beast, for the wrath of his wicked poison was spewed forth over the faithful like venomous bile. With such an enormous mob he advanced to the district of Apahunik’, to the country of Dawit’ the curopalate, prince of the Georgians. And he wrote a letter with this content to that God-loving and blessed man of God, Dawit’ the curopalate, threatening him with very wicked words:
“Don’t let anyone fool you, O Dawit’, you who are filthy, stinking, and rotting in your old age. For behold, if you don’t quickly send me ten years’ worth of taxes, as well as the sons of your azats as hostages, and a document [indicating] your submission to me, I shall come against you with my great forces. And then who will save you from my clutches? For I shall subject you to very wicked and bitter suffering, O you loathsome and bitter old man.”
With many such threats did [Mamlan] thunder against [Dawit’]. Now when Dawit’ read this letter from the impious Prince Mamlan, he threw it out because of its very bitterness and then he began to weep, beseeching God and saying: “Arouse your strength, Lord, and recall what you did to Rabshakeh and to Sennacherib, the impious king of the Assyrians, who also spoke similar words of impiety. My Lord Jesus Christ, do not ignore those who believe in Your blessed name.”
Then [Dawit’] ordered a muster of his troops, the azats and all his cavalry, Vach’e’ and Tewdat and P’eron and other troops from the land of the Armenians. [Included were] 3,000 infantry bowmen and 2,500 horsemen. Meanwhile, the impious Mamlan had encamped in Apahunik’ at the village called Xo’so’ns with 200,000 men. Dawit’ arose and went against that wicked beast Mamlan, while he also exhorted the entire land to greatly beseech God with prayers, entreaties, and supplications. Dawit’ advanced, descending to the borders of Apahunik’. He designated that valiant man, Karmrake’l [Gamrakel], as a night watchman with 700 horsemen. Dawit’ himself passed the entire night praying to God. In the morning there approached a certain man from the infidels’ forces with a thousand horsemen. This man was a guard of [Mamlan’s] forces.

Chapter 14 #

Եւ ի գիշերին յայնմիկ ընդ միմեանս հարան. եւ էր լոյս լուսնին սաստիկ, եւ յայնժամ երեւեցաւ սակաւ ինչ անձրեւ ի վերայ լերանց, եւ ամենայն լերինքն փայլատակէին իբրեւ զբոց հրոյ. եւ տեսին զայն զօրքն այլազգեաց, կարծեցին թէ այն ամենայն բազմութիւն զօրաց քրիստոնէիցն իցեն եւ յայնժամ առ հասարակ ի փախուստ դարձան։ Եւ Կարմրակէլն տեսեալ զի դարձան ի փախուստ՝ սրով ի վերայ յարձակեցաւ եւ իբրեւ զանտառ մայրի կոտորէր զնոսա յանխնայ. կալաւ զկինն Մամլանայ եւ զիւր պատերազմի ձին եւ վաղվաղակի յուղարկեաց առ Դաւիթ, եւ ձայն աւետեաց մատուցանէին նմա՝ եթէ հարաք զՄամլան։ Եւ նա դեռ յաղօթս կայր առ Աստուած. եւ լուեալ զայս Դաւիթ՝ հիանայր։ Եւ յայնժամ զհետ մտեալ ամենայն զօրօքն՝ արարին զզօրսն անօրինացն փախստական սաստիկ կոտորածով, առին անթիւ եւ անհամար գերութիւն եւ աւար ոսկւոյ եւ արծաթոյ։ Եւ անօրէնն Մամլան գնաց ամօթով յաշխարհն իւր եւ ամբարտաւանեալ յոյժ ընդ Աստուած՝ եւ յերկինս ոչ հայեցաւ բնաւ եւ զիւր անարժան աղօթսն ոչ մատուցանէր Աստուծոյ։
That night [the two armies] clashed with each other. Now the moonlight was intense and some rain had fallen on the mountains, making them glisten like the flames of a fire. When the troops of the foreigners saw this; they thought that there was a huge multitude of Christian troops present, and they turned to flee, one and all. When Karmrake’l saw that they had turned to flight, he attacked them—wielding his sword as though it were a pine tree cut from a forest—and mercilessly killed them. He captured Mamlan’s wife and his war horse, sending [them] quickly to Dawit’ along with the glad tidings that “we have defeated Mamlan.” [Dawit’] was still praying to God. When he heard [the news], he marveled. Meanwhile, all the troops pursued and made a great slaughter of the fleeing impious troops. They also took an innumerable number of captives as well as an inestimable amount of gold and silver booty. The impious Mamlan went to his land in disgrace. [This man], who had been so arrogant toward God, never looked to Heaven, and never offered his worthless prayers to God.
Now it happened that after some years, [some conspirators] hatched a wicked plan to slay the blessed and righteous Prince Dawit’. [These were] his princes, who resembled Cain and other murderers. Joining their plot was the archbishop of the land of the Georgians [Iberians], Ilarion. This Ilarion crucified God a second time, for he mixed a deadly poison into the life-giving body and blood of Christ [into the communion chalice], thus turning the bringer of life into a bringer of death. Following his murderous liturgy, [Ilarion] placed a piece of the sacrament mixed with deadly poison into the mouth of the blessed prince, right there in the church, in the presence of God.
Now the God-loving Prince Dawit’ was aware of this, but uttered not a word. Rather, he took medicine to reduce the pain in his body. However, the impious bishop Ilarion, further inflamed by his evil plan, entered the chamber where the pious Dawit’ was sleeping peacefully. Then [Ilarion] took the pillow by his head, put it over Dawit’s mouth, forcefully hurled himself on [Dawit’] and wickedly smothered the pious curopalate Dawit’. After a few years, Emperor Basil seized that wicked bishop Ilarion, tied a large rock to his neck and threw him into the ocean, along with the other azats who were involved. So perished these accursed men, for Dawit’ the curopalate had been called “father” by Emperor Basil, and thus he killed them.

Chapter 15 #

In 434 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 985] the patriarch of the Armenians, Lord Step’annos. They ordained to his position the venerable Lord Xach’ik, a glorious man well versed in Divine Scripture. A letter came to him from the Byzantine patriarch, T’e’odoros, who resided at the metropolis of Melitene, since [Xach’ik] was a man competent and knowledgeable in sacred writings. The Armenian vardapet Samue’l wrote a refutation of it, [skillfully] replying in appealing and appropriate words, to the point that the letter was pleasing to everyone hearing it. [Samue’l] was even more honored by T’e’odoros, patriarch of the Byzantines, and by Xach’ik, Catholicos of the Armenians.
Now in the year 435 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 986], a certain prince rebelled against Emperor Basil. [The rebel was] the Byzantine prince M’oravard and he ruined a large part of the Byzantine land, circulating through the country with the sword and taking captives. Byzantine troops assembled against him, chasing him to the land of the Tachiks. He returned a year later and was killed by Emperor Basil.
Դարձեալ ի թուականութեանս Հայոց ՆԼԷ ամի եղեւ սաստիկ շարժ ընդ ամենայն արարածս, եւ փլաւ սուրբն Սոփի ի Կոստանդնուպօլիս։ Եւ յայսմ ամի կամեցաւ թագաւորն Վասիլ զաշխարհն Բուլղարաց ածել ի հաւանութիւն իւրոյ թագաւորութեանն. եւ առաքեաց առ Ալի Օսմանն թագաւորն Բուլղարաց եւ առ ամենայն իշխանսն աշխարհաց գալ յերկրպագութիւն իւրոյ թագաւորութեանն. իսկ նոքա ոչ եկին զհետ հրամանաց թագաւորին Վասլի։ Յայնժամ թագաւորն Վասիլ ժողով արար զամենայն աշխարհն իւրոյ թագաւորութեանն եւ մեծաւ սրտմտութեամբ յարձակեցաւ ի վերայ աշխարհին Բուլղարաց եւ սրով եւ գերութեամբ ապականէր զերկիր։ Իսկ թագաւորն Բուլղարաց Ալի Օսմանն ժողով արարեալ եւ գայր բազում զօրօք ի վերայ Վասլին, եւ արարին սաստիկ պատերազմ ընդ միմեանս։ Եւ թագաւորն Բուլղարաց յաղթեաց Վասլին եւ դարձոյց զամենայն զօրսն ի փախուստ մինչեւ ցԿոստանդնուպօլիս. եւ առին բազում աւար եւ գերութիւն ի զօրաց Վասլին. եւ Վասիլն լի ամօթով մտանէր ի Կոստանդնուպօլիս։ Եւ յետ երկու ամի դարձեալ դարձեալ ժողով արարեալ թագաւորն Վասիլ եւ գնաց ի վերայ թագաւորին Բուլղարաց առ ի խնդրել զվրէժս իւր. եւ հանդիպեալ զօրացն Բուլղարաց, դարձոյց ի փախուստ զնոսա եւ վարէր առաջի իւր։ Եւ նեղեաց Վասիլն զաշխարհն Բուլղարաց սովով, սրով եւ գերութեամբ եւ դարձաւ եմուտ ի Կոստանդնուպօլիս մեծաւ ուրախութեամբ։
In the year 437 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 988] a severe earthquake occurred throughout all creation and the blessed [church of Hagia] Sophia collapsed in Constantinople. In this same year Emperor Basil sought to make the land of the Bulghars subject to his realm. [Basil] sent to Ali O’sman, king of the Bulghars, and to all the princes of the land to come and prostrate themselves before his imperial majesty. However, they did not come as Emperor Basil had ordered. Then Emperor Basil mustered troops from all the lands in his realm and, in great anger, attacked the land of the Bulghars, polluting the country with the sword and with captive-taking. Now the king of the Bulghars, Ali O’sman, mustered his forces and came against Basil with many troops.Fierce fighting took place between them. The king of the Bulghars defeated Basil and put all his troops to flight as far as Constantinople. [The Bulghars] took a great amount of booty and captives from Basil’s troops, while Basil, full of shame, entered Constantinople. Two years later Emperor Basil again assembled troops and went against the king of the Bulghars, seeking vengeance. Encountering the Bulghar forces, [Basil]put them to flight before him. He harassed the land of the Bulghars with the sword, famine, and captive-taking. Then he turned back and entered Constantinople in great joy.
Կաթողիկոսն Տէր Խաչիկ, որ կացեալ յաթոռ հայրապետութեան Հայոց ամս վեց եւ ձեռնադրեաց յաթոռ իւր զտէր Սարգիս, որ էր այր կորովի գիտութեամբ պատուիրանացն Աստուծոյ. եւ էր սա հաճոյ Աստուծոյ եւ մարդկան, եւ էր կիրթ վարուց առաքինութեանց, եւ լուսաւոր վարդապետութեամբն իւրով զարդարեաց զեկեղեցին Աստուծոյ։ Յայսմ ամի զօրքն Եգիպտոսի, որ Մախր Արապիկք կոչին, մտին յաշխարհն Անտիոքայ քաղաքին եւ բազում աւերմամբ լցին զամենայն գաւառն. եւ ժողովեցան զօրք Հոռոմոց ընդդէմ նոցա ի պատերազմ. եւ ի հանդիպիլ միմեանց արարին փախստական զզօրսն Հոռոմոց եւ զմեծամեծ իշխանս գերի առին եւ տարան յԵգիպտոս։ Իսկ յետ երկու ամի ելանէր մեծ տունն Հոռոմոց եւ գայր բազում զօրօք ի վերայ աշխարհին Հայոց. եւ սրով եւ գերութեամբ անողորմ յարձակեցան ի վերայ հաւատացելոց Քրիստոսի. եւ գազանաբար սպանմամբ ընթանայր իբրեւ զօձ թունաւոր, որ եւ ելից իսկ զտեղի անհաւատ ազգացն։ Եւ եղեւ ի մտանելն նորա յաշխարհի Հայոց, ժողովեցան ընդ յառաջ նորա զօրքն Հայոց ազատացն, եւ ի դիպելն ընդ միմեանս բախեցին գազանաբար, եւ քաջ ընդ քաջս ելանէին եւ անպարտելի հանդիսանային յերկու կողմանց։ Եւ անդ էր տեսանել զսաստիկ կոտորած յերկուց կողմանցն. եւ յայնժամ ի սաստկանալն մեծի պատերազմի, եղեն պարտեալ զօրքն Հոռոմոց առաջի զօրացն Հայոց եւ դարձան ի փախուստ դիմօք յաշխարհն իւրեանց ամօթ երեսօք մազապուրծ փախմամբ։
At the start of 440 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 991/992] there died the Catholicos of the Armenians, Lord Xach’ik, who had occupied the patriarchate of the Armenians for six years. He ordained Lord Sargis to his position. [Sargis was] a man skilled in the knowledge of divine precepts, pleasing to God and to man, schooled in virtuous conduct, who adorned the Church of God with his radiant doctrine. In this year the forces of Egypt, called Maghrib Arabs [Fatimids], entered the territory of the city of Antioch and filled the entire district with extensive destruction. The forces of the Byzantines massed against them in battle. When they encountered one another, the Byzantine troops were put to flight and their grandee princes were captured and taken to Egypt. Two years later, the great House of the Byzantines arose and came with many troops against the land of the Armenians. With sword and captive-taking they mercilessly attacked the believers in Christ. With bestial killings they advanced, like a poisonous snake, appearing no different from unbelieving peoples. When they entered the land of the Armenians, troops of the Armenian azats massed against them. They clashed savagely, with brave after brave from both sides fighting undefeated. One could see there great destruction on both sides. When the great battle grew even fiercer, the forces of the Byzantines were defeated before the forces of the Armenians. They turned to flight shamefacedly, back to their own land, escaping by a hairsbreadth.
In the same year the emir of the Tachiks, who was styled “Long Hand” arose and came with many troops subjecting the land of the Edessans to destruction and captive-taking and occasioning the greatest sorrow for Edessa. [Long Hand] crossed the great Euphrates River and enslaved that side of the borders of the land of the Armenians before turning back in great triumph to the land of the Africans.
At the beginning of the year 446 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 997-998] a comet arose in the heavens and was visible with a dreadful, awesome, astounding illumination.
In the year 449 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1000] friendship and great unity developed between Emperor Basil and Senek’erim, [a] king of the Armenians. In the same year there died Sahak, marzpan and lord of the Varazhnunik’.

Chapter 16 #

Յորժամ լինէր թուականն Հայոց ՆԾԵ. զօրաժողով արար թագաւորն Վասիլ զամենայն աշխարհս տէրութեան իւրոյ եւ խաղայր գնայր ի վերայ աշխարհին Բուլղարաց. եւ բազում ժամանակս արարեալ յաշխարհն այն մեծաւ պատերազմաւ։ Եւ յայնմ աւուրսն մեծ խռովութիւն եղեւ ի քաղաքն ի Կոստանդնուպօլիս եւ յամենայն աշխարհն Յունաց, վասն զի յաւուր մեծի զատկին մոլորեալ եղեն ի կատարելոյ զսուրբ Յարութեան օրն Զատկին. եւ ամենայն վարդապետք տանն Յունաց ընդ ստութեամբ փակեցին զուղղորդ պատուիրանս Աստուածաշունչ գրոց եւ զսուտ եւ զխաբեբայ տումարն հակառակամարտին Իրիոնի ընկալան, եւ զճշմարտագիր տումարն մեծին Անդրիասայ ոչ ընկալան, այլ ածին նոքա զլրումն Զատկին ի կիրակիէն ի շաբաթն եւ զկնի աւուր միոյ Զատիկ արարին, զոր պարտ էր զկնի ութ աւուրն կատարել. եւ ամենայն տանն Յունաց մոլորեալ ի սուրբ Զատկէն, եւ եղեւ սուգ մեծ ի վերայ սուրբ եկեղեցւոյն Կոստանդնուպօլսի, եւս առաւել ի սուրբ եւ յաստուածակերտ քաղաքն յԵրուսաղէմ, զի հպարտութեամբ բարձրավզեալ ածին զԶատիկն ի յաւուր Ծառզարդարին, եւ եղեն հակառակողք ամենայն ազգաց տունն Յունաց, եւս առաւել Քրիստոսի, վասն զի պատերազմեցան ընդ Հոգւոյն Սրբոյ տունն փիլիսոփայից։
In 455 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1006] Emperor Basil mustered troops from all the lands of his realm and advanced against the land of the Bulghars. [He] spent a great deal of time in that land engaged in extensive warfare. In this period a great disturbance erupted in the city of Constantinople and in the entire land of the Byzantines. This was because [the Chalcedonians] had deviated from [the correct observance of] the day of the great feast of the Resurrection, Easter. All the [Chalcedonian] Byzantine doctors of the Church had wrongly ignored the true precepts of Scripture and had adopted the false and fraudulent calendar of the contrarian Irion. The accurate calendar of the great Andreas they did not accept. Instead, they moved the day of the full moon of Easter from Sunday to Saturday and celebrated Easter on the next day, despite the fact that it should have been celebrated eight days later. The entire House of the Byzantines deviated from Holy Easter, and great sorrow descended upon the blessed Church of Constantinople and more so on the holy and God-built city of Jerusalem, since with their stiff-necked arrogance, [the Byzantines] celebrated Easter on Palm Sunday. Thus [the Byzantine reformers] went contrary to all peoples in the House of the Byzantines and more so against Christ, for this home of philosophers warred against the Holy Spirit.
On that [erroneous] Easter, the light of the lamps did not [self-]ignite in the holy Sepulcher, which contained God, in the city of Jerusalem. [This was because] they were wrong, impiously celebrating their Easter. On that day, once the nation of the impious [Muslims] who were in the city of Jerusalem, saw Easter being celebrated by Christians [on the wrong day] in the holy [church of the] Resurrection, they put all the Christians to the sword, some 10,000 people. Thus the holy Sepulcher of Christ was filled with the blood of the worshipers. To this day their bones may be seen there in a cave on the western side of the city of Jerusalem. They are presently called Relics of the Children. This was what was brought about by those genius philosophers of the Greeks.
Now once Emperor Basil had defeated and taken the realm of the Bulghars, he returned to Constantinople in great joy. When he heard about all the destruction which had occurred over holy Easter, he summoned all the savants of the Byzantines and asked the reason. Willfully they began giving numerous irrelevant explanations to mislead the emperor. But the emperor recognized their distorted replies and that they were false and devious. Now previously, the emperor had heard about the Armenian vardapets who were triumphant and competent in [explaining] the precepts of Scripture. By name he was familiar with Yovsep’, the abbot of E”ntsayuts’ [Monastery] and with Yovhanne’s, who was nicknamed Kozer’n. Then he wrote to Yovhanne’s, king of the Armenians, so that [the two vardapets] would be sent to him in Constantinople, so that he would learn from them the true cause [of the problem] and the correct [day for celebrating] Easter.
Now [the vardapets] did not consent to go. Rather, in beautifully composed letters they informed the emperor [about these issues] with a thorough investigation. However, the contrarian [Byzantine] clergy did not accept the [veracity of the contents of the] letter until once more Emperor Basil sent to the Armenians, to Yovhanne’s shahnshah and to Lord Sargis, Catholicos of the Armenians, greatly requesting that they send to him the Armenian vardapet Samue’l. [Samue’l] was a skilled and triumphant [scholar] who could be seated at a session to speak with the Greek doctors of the Church. The Byzantine savants mustered against Samue’l all the writings of the House of the Byzantines, but they were unable to move [Samue’l] from the truth.
Եւ սկիզբն արար Սամուէլ ի յառաջին աւուրն արարչութենէն եւ գայր հասանէր մինչեւ ցվերջին պատկեր աւուրն եւ զամենայն պատճառ պատճէնից սուրբ արանց յառաջին իմաստնոցն հաստատուն կացուցանէր։ Եւ հաճոյ լինէր թագաւորին ամենայն բանք նորա. եւ ասէին իմաստունքն Յունաց ընդ թագաւորն. «Ով տէր արքայ, հրամայեա եւ ած այսր զմեծ վարդապետն Եբրայեցւոց, որ բնակեալ է ի կղզւոջն Կիպրացւոց, այր կորովի եւ հմուտ տումարի եւ ամենայն արուեստից ի մանկութենէ իւրմէ»։ Եւ յուղարկեալ թագաւորն ի Կիպրոս եւ ածէր զՄուսի վարդապետն Եբրայեցւոց։ Եւ նա կացեալ յատենի առաջի թագաւորին Վասլի, այր ճարտարաբան եւ հզօր, եւ սկսանէր խօսել զարուեստս տումարին եւ յամօթ եւ սուտ արար զամենայն իմաստունս տանն Յունաց եւ գովէր զբանսն Սամուէլի Հայոց վարդապետին։ Իսկ թագաւորն յոյժ տրտմեալ ի վերայ վարդապետացն Յունաց եւ զբազումս եհան ի պատուոյ եկեղեցւոյն եւ ընկէց ի փառաց եւ զվարդապետն Հայոց յուղարկեալ մեծաւ պարգեւօք յաշխարհն Հայոց։
Samue’l began [his discourse] with the first day of Creation and progressed to recent times, adducing as evidence and support all the reliable blessed savants of earlier times. The emperor was pleased with all his words. Then the Byzantine philosophers said to the king: “O Lord Emperor, command that the great doctor of the Hebrews be brought here. He lives on the island of Cyprus and is a man skilled and learned in the calendar and all the sciences, from his childhood.” The emperor sent to Cyprus and had Muse, vardapet of the Hebrews brought to him. [The latter] came to the tribunal in the presence of the emperor Basil. [Muse] was an eloquent and powerful man. He commenced discoursing about calendrical science and put to shame all the savants in the House of the Greeks, proving them wrong, while praising the words of Samue’l, the Armenian vardapet. The emperor was very angry with the Byzantine vardapets and removed many of them from their ecclesiastical honors, deposing them from their glory. As for the Armenian vardapet, [Basil] sent him back to the land of the Armenians with great gifts.

Chapter 17 #

Also in the days of Basil, emperor of the Byzantines, in the year 452 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1003-1004], a fiery star appeared in the sky, a sign of [divine] anger toward created beings as well as a sign of the end of the world. There was also a severe earthquake throughout all the countries, to the point that many believed that the Last Days, the end of the world, had arrived. As had happened at the time of the Flood, all creatures were shaking and many, from fear of such wrath, fell down and died. Moreover, an ailment descended upon the country. It was called xovik and spread through many districts, reaching as far as Sebastia. The disease clearly manifested itself on the body, and from its intensity, [the afflicted] had no time for confession or communion. People and animals diminished in the country, while the surviving quadrupeds wandered around the country without masters.
Now in 460 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1011], Emperor Basil mustered troops and went against the land of the Bulghars. He conquered their kingdom and, in great wrath, put many districts to the sword. He subjected the entire western [areas] to the sword and to captive-taking, and obliterated the entire realm of the Bulghars. He also forced that brave man, Ali O’sman, king of the Bulghars, to drink poison, thereby removing him from life. Then [Basil] took [Ali O’sman’s] wife and sons and brought them to Constantinople.
When 465 of the Armenian Era arrived [A.D. 1018-1019], divine anger was unleashed against all Christian peoples and worshipers of the Holy Cross. For there awoke a dragon with death-bringing breath and fire, which struck at believers in the Holy Trinity. In this year the foundations of the apostles and the prophets were shaken, for winged snakes arrived and wanted to penetrate all the lands of the believers in Christ. This was the first emergence of these bloodthirsty beasts. During those days, the barbarous infidel people called Turks massed troops and reached as far as Vaspurakan district in the land of the Armenians, which they entered, and put to the sword the believers in Christ.

Chapter 18 #

News of what had occurred reached King Senek’erim. His senior son, Dawit’, mustered troops from the azats and went against the Turks’ army. They violently clashed with each other in a frightful battle. Until then, [the Armenians] had never seen the Turkish cavalry, which now appeared to them as a strange [phenomenon]: archers with [long] hair, like women. The Armenian troops were not then accustomed to or prepared for arrows and, unsheathing their swords, attacked the foreigners valiantly, killing many of them. However, the foreigners struck and wounded with their arrows many Armenian troops.
Եւ տեսեալ զայն ամենայն Շապուհ՝ ասէր ցԴաւիթ. «Դարձիր, թագաւոր, յերեսաց թշնամեացս, վասն զի ի նետիցս վիրաւորեալ եղեն մեծ մասն զօրացս, գնասցուք եւ ընդդէմ այսմ զինուցս, զոր տեսանեմք առ այլազգիսդ, ա՛յլ զգեստ պատրաստեսցուք ընդդէմ նետիցդ»։ Իսկ Դաւիթ առ մեծութիւն իւր հայելով, հպարտացեալ մեծաւ ամբարտաւանութեամբ, ոչ լսէր Շապհոյ, դառնալ ի պատերազմէն։ Յայնժամ Շապուհ բարկութեամբ դիմեաց ի վերայ Դաւթի եւ բռնցի հարեալ զթիկունսն ուժգնակի մղէր զնա դառնալ. վասն զի Շապուհ էր այր քաջ եւ պատերազմող հզօր եւ էր մանկակալ եւ սնուցիչ Դաւթի, վասն այնորիկ անահ էր ի նմանէ. եւ այսպիսի օրինակաւ դարձուցանէր զԴաւիթ հանդերձ զօրօքն։ Եւ գնացին յՈստան քաղաքն եւ պատմեցին թագաւորին Սենեքարիմայ եւ ասացին զորպիսութիւն այլազգեացն կերպարանաց։ Եւ լուեալ Սենեքարիմայ յոյժ վիրաւորեալ լինէր. ոչ եկեր եւ ոչ էարբ, այլ կայր մտախորհ, լի տրտմութեամբ եւ զգիշերն ամենայն անքուն անցուցանէր եւ նստեալ քննէր զժամանակագրութիւնս եւ զասացուածս աստուածախօս տեսանողացն, զսրբոց վարդապետացն, եւ գտանէր գրեալ ի գիրսն զժամանակն ելանելոյ Թուրքաց զօրաց եւ զօրականաց. եւ ծանեաւ զկորուստ եւ զկատարած ամենայն երկրի. եւ գտանէր ի գիրսն գրեալ այսպէս, եթէ
Seeing this, Shapuh said to Dawit’: “King, turn back from the enemy, because most of our troops have been wounded by arrows. Let us go and prepare [armored] garments to resist the arrows which we see them fighting with.” However, Dawit’, mindful of his greatness, pridefully, and with great indignation, did not heed Shapuh’s [advice] to withdraw from the battle. Then Shapuh angrily applied himself to Dawit’, and, hitting him on the side with his fist, forcibly compelled him to turn. Shapuh was a brave, martial man who had nourished and raised Dawit’ and for that reason had no fear of him. Thus, he got Dawit’ and his troops to turn back. They went to the city of Ostan and related to King Senek’erim what had transpired and about the appearance of the foreigners. When Senek’erim heard this, he was deeply disturbed, and neither ate nor drank. Rather, he was plunged into deep thought full of sorrow and passed the entire night sleepless, seated and examining the chronicles and sayings of divinely-inspired prophets, the holy vardapets. He found in those writings mention of the time of the emergence of Turkish troops and forces. He recognized the ruin and destruction of the entire country, which he found described as follows:
“In that time, [people] will flee from East to West, from North to South, and will find no rest upon the earth, for the plains and the mountains will be covered with blood, just as Isaiah said, ‘The hooves of their horses do not falter.’”
It was then that [King Senek’erim] thought to give his patrimonial land to the Byzantine emperor Basil, and to receive [in exchange] Sebastia. He immediately wrote to the emperor. As soon as Emperor Basil heard about this, he was delighted and gave Sebastia to him. Senek’erim handed over the land of Vaspurakan [including] 72 regional fortresses, and 4,400 villages. However, he did not give 115 monasteries, which he kept so that they would offer prayers for him. He gave all this to Basil in writing. Emperor Basil sent to Senek’erim for him [also] to send Dawit’, in royal splendor. And so, [Senek’erim] sent his son [along] with him, the sons of azats and bishop Lord Eghishe’, 300 pack mules laden with treasure and various goods, as well as 1,000 Arabian horses.
With such glory did Dawit’ enter Constantinople. The city reverberated and everyone came out before him; the streets and mansions were decorated and [the residents] showered much money on him. Emperor Basil greatly rejoiced at the sight of Dawit’, taking him to Saint Sophia, adopting him, and honoring him as a monarch’s son. The emperor gave him many gifts and then sent him back to his father, giving him Sebastia with many districts. Senek’erim arose with his entire family and troops and came to Sebastia. And thus did the land of the Armenians become masterless, without kings or princes.

Chapter 19 #

In 470 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1021-1022], Basil arose and went to the East with countless troops. He demanded Ani and Kars from the Armenian king. [King] Yovhanne’s, son of Gagik, thought to give them [to Basil] because of the weakness of his own heart. Meanwhile, Basil returned to his own land and wrote to Giorgi, king of the Georgians, to come forth to him in submission. [Giorgi] neither accepted this, nor undertook to comply with it. Then Basil came against him militarily. The troops of the Georgians [which] went against him [included] the brave men R’at and Zoyat, who were brothers of Liparit. Basil forcefully struck the troops of the Georgians until R’at was slain. For his horse had become stuck in a muddy spot and he was killed there. At that, the troops of the Georgians turned in flight, with Basil’s forces pursuing and killing them. Basil remained there for three months, until he had subdued them. Then he wintered in Trebizond.
Lord Petros, Catholicos of the Armenians, and the blessed Armenian vardapet, Yovhanne’s Kozer’n, went to Emperor Basil with many [church] vessels and the emperor received them with great honor. When the day for [celebrating] the great [feast-]day of the baptism of our Lord arrived, the emperor honored Lord Petros and the Armenian vardapet by having them placed above the Byzantine prelates, and he ordered Lord Petros to bless the waters first. When [Petros] had cast the chrism of holy oil on the water and then struck the water with the blessed cross, an intense fire appeared blazing over the water and the river froze up for a moment, motionless. When the emperor and the troops saw this, they were terrified. The emperor, bowing down, had Lord Petros sprinkle the holy water on his head. Then Lord Petros returned to the land of the Armenians with great gifts.
After some time, Basil went to Antioch secretly with three trusted men, where he visited Black Mountain at a place named Paghakdziak. And there he received a Christian baptism from the abbot and director. Thereafter [Basil] became like a father to the land of the Armenians […].
Ի թուականութեանս Հայոց ՆՀԱ մեռաւ Տէր Սարգիս կաթողիկոսն Հայոց եւ հաստատեաց յաթոռ իւր հայրապետ զՏէր Պետրոս։ Ի սոյն ամի իշխան ոմն յաղթանդամ ի տանէն Յունաց Նիկիփօռ անուն ծռվիզ յարեաւ ի վերայ Վասլին եւ կոչեաց ի միաբանութիւն իւր զթագաւորն Վրաց Գորգի եւ զորդիսն Գագկայ. գնաց յահէ նորա Դաւիթ առ նա զօրօքն Հայոց, եւ ահ մեծ եղեւ ի վերայ Վասլին։ Եւ յղեաց Վասլին առ Դաւիթ աղաչանս, զի հնարեսցէ զկորուստ նորա։ Եւ ծռվիզն յոյժ սիրէր զԴաւիթ եւ խոստանայր նստուցանել զնա յաթոռ թագաւորութեան Հայոց, բայց Դաւիթ ոչ կամեցաւ լուծանել զդաշինս Վասլին։ Եւ յաւուր միում գնայր Դաւիթ ի տուն իւր խռովութեան աղագաւ եւ յարուցեալ Նիկիփօռն միայն եւ գրկեաց զնա եւ աղաչէր դառնալ. իսկ Դաւիթ ակնարկեալ արանցն, եւ նոյնժամայն սպանին զծռվիզն, եւ զօրքն նորա ցրուեալ եղեն փախստական. եւ լուեալ զայն Վասլին՝ ուրախ եղեւ յոյժ եւ տայր պարգեւս Դաւթի զԿեսարիա եւ զԾամնդաւ եւ Խաւատանէքն հանդերձ սահմանօքն։ Եւ Վասիլն մեծաւ զայրացմամբ գայր ի վերայ Գորգէի Վրաց թագաւորին բազում զօրօք. եւ արարին Ձիօնից բերդին առաջի մեծ պատերազմ. եւ Գորգի փախստական լեալ անկանէր յամուր բերդս եւ գրէր զանձն իւր ծառայ Վասլին եւ տայր պատանդ զորդին իւր։
In the year 471 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1022], Lord Sargis, Catholicos of the Armenians, died, and the patriarch Lord Petros was established on his throne. In the same year a certain powerful prince from the House of the Byzantines, Nicephorus, named Tsr’viz, arose against Basil and summoned Giorgi, king of the Georgians, and his son Gagik to join him. Out of fear of him, Dawit’ went to him with Armenian troops. And great fear engulfed Basil. Basil sent to Dawit’, beseeching him to find some way of ruining [Nicephorus]. Meanwhile, Tsr’viz [Nicephorus] liked Dawit’ a lot and promised to install him on the throne of the kingdom of the Armenians. However, Dawit’ did not want to dissolve [his] alliance with Basil. One day Dawit’ went to his home because of some disturbance. Nicephorus, alone, arose and embraced him, begging him to return. But Dawit’ signaled to his men and they immediately killed Tsr’viz, while his forces split asunder and fled. When Basil learned about this, he was overjoyed and gave to Dawit’ as gifts Caesarea, Tsamndaw, and Xawatane’k’, with their borders. Basil, in a great rage, went against Giorgi, king of the Georgians, with many troops. They had a great battle before Dzio’nk’ fortress. Dawit’ [was defeated and] fled into this secure fortress, enrolling himself as a vassal of Basil and giving his son as a hostage.
After this, Basil went on to the land of the Persians and encamped at the gates of the city of Her. It was summertime, but one day a violent snowstorm fell upon the camp and they did not know what to do. They turned and fled in great panic. The ground became flooded like a sea from the volume of water. They were trapped at one place and unable to cross, because of the mud. Gathered there, they did not know what to do. Then the emperor ordered that some men from the infantry should be killed—they killed some 13,000 of them—and filled [their bodies] into that place. And then the troops crossed over them and came and wintered in Melitene.

Chapter 20 #

Ի թուականութեան Հայոց ՆՀԱ յամս կայսերն Յունաց Վասլի յերկինս ահաւոր նշան եւ սոսկալի եւ բարկութիւն ի վերայ ամենայն արարածոց. ի Հոկտեմբեր ամսոյ Գ յերրորդ ժամու աւուրն պատառեցաւ վերին հաստատութիւնն երկնից յարեւելից կուսէ մինչեւ յարեւմուտսն՝ ընդ երկուս հերձաւ կապուտ երկինդ եւ լոյս պայծառ յերկիր թափեցաւ ի հիւսիսային կողմանէ. եւ մեծաւ շարժմամբ դողաց ամենայն երկիր. եւ նախ քան զնուազիլ լուսոյն եղեւ դոջիւն եւ թնդիւն ահաւոր ի վերայ ամենայն արարածոց. խաւարեցաւ արեգակն եւ աստեղք երեւեցան որպէս ի մէջ գիշերի, եւ սուգ զգեցան ամենայն երկիր. եւ դառն արտասուօք աղաղակէին ամենայն աղինք առ Աստուած։ Եւ ապա յետ երեք աւուր ժողովեցան ամենայն իշխանք եւ ազատքն հրամանաւ թագաւորին Հայոց Յովհաննիսի եւ եկեալ առաջի սուրբ վարդապետին Յովհաննու Կոզեռանն, որ էր այր աստուածազգեաց եւ հրեշտակակրօն եւ լի իսկ առաքելական եւ մարգարէական գրոց գիտութեամբ։
In the year 471 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1022-1023], during the reign of Basil, emperor of the Byzantines, an awesome and terrifying sign appeared in the heavens and [divine] wrath fell upon all created beings. On the third day of the month of October, at the third hour of the day, the upper firmament of the heavens was rent asunder from east to west, and the blue sky was torn in two. A bright light fell upon the earth from the northern part [of the sky], and the entire country was convulsed with a great earthquake. Before the light was reduced, a frightful roaring and exploding [sound was heard] by all living creatures. The sun became dark, and the stars appeared as though in the middle of night. The entire country dressed in mourning and, with bitter tears, all peoples beseeched God. After three days, all the princes and azats assembled at the command of Yovhanne’s, king of the Armenians, and went before the blessed vardapet Yovhanne’s Kozer’n. [He was] a man clothed in divinity, with an angelic faith, full of the knowledge of apostolic and prophetic literature.
When the Armenian princes came to ask him and learn about the amazing appearance and sign, they found the blessed vardapet Yovhanne’s down on his knees with sorrow, and weeping bitterly. At their inquiries, he replied with bitter grief and piteous sighs, saying: “O my sons, hear me. Woe and disaster has come to all mankind. For behold, today marks the 1,000th year of Satan’s bondage. Our Lord Jesus Christ bound him through His crucifixion and especially by His blessed baptism in the Jordan River.
Now Satan has been freed from his bonds according to the testimony in the Revelation of the Evangelist John, just as the angel of God told him that Satan will be bound for 1,000 years and then released from those bonds. Now behold, today Satan has been freed from the thousand years of his bondage. This is the year 478 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1029-1030]. Add to that the first 552 years, for [a sum of] 1,030 years. When you subtract 30 years for the period prior to Christ’s baptism, you arrive at 1000 years for the present [date]. The rending of the heavens was due to this. Hereafter no one will be able to remain firm in the faith of Christ and [faithful] to God’s commands—neither patriarch nor vardapet, neither bishop nor priest, neither abbot nor cleric, neither prince nor commoner.
“Princes will join with thieves, robbers, and plunderers.Judges will take bribes and produce unjust verdicts. Clerics will leave their retreats and places of solitude and, engaging in worldly pursuits, will wander about the streets among women. They will hate praying and abandon their priestly orders They will love the ways of the world and pursue the praises of men. They will delight in diabolical songs and will boast to their comrades, saying: “I am the one who knows about harmony and melody, not you.” And thus will they pollute the order of the churches.
Many will hate scholarship, be lazy, idle, grumblers and accusers. Nowhere will the truth show itself among men, for they will be stubborn, selfish, haters of friends, slanderers, informers, liars, prideful, seekers of glory, boastful, vainglorious, greedy, drunkards and lechers. My sons, hereafter the glorification of God by mankind will be obstructed and truth will not manifest itself among mankind. Moreover, loathsome and diseased priests will be emboldened and will stray [from the truth]. They will abandon their concern for building homes and the success of their works, and will turn to constant, endless drunkenness for the love of that foul desire and disease. Patriarchs, bishops, priests, and clerics will love silver more than God.
“My sons, behold, henceforth the will of Satan will be fulfilled by the sons of man, more so than the will of God. The unworthy celebrants who shall come forth from now on will draw God’s wrath upon creation and even more so upon those who offer mass to Him. For the unworthy shall offer mass to Christ and shall distribute [communion] to the unworthy. Our Lord Jesus Christ will be more wounded by such worthless priests than by the torments and crucifixion of the Jews. For after a thousand years, Satan has been set free from the bonds with which Christ bound him. My sons, I tell you this with a heart that sighs, weeps, and mourns, for many will be pulled away from the faith and will boast of denying Christ. Because of this, darkness has covered all creation.”

Chapter 21 #

Thus did the blessed vardapet of the Armenians speak concerning the sign of wrath which had occurred. He also said many other things about what would befall the faithful. And indeed all of them were brought about one by one by the crazed, dog-like nation of Turks, the impious and filthy sons of Ham.
Յայսմ ամի ի թուականութեանս եւ ահաւոր նշանիս մեռանէր սուրբ թագաւորն Հոռոմոց Վասիլ, կացեալ յաթոռ թագաւորութեան Հոռոմոց ամս յիսուն եւ ութ. եւ կոչեցեալ զեղբայր իւր զԿոստանդին, եւ մինչդեռ կենդանի էր դնէր զթագն ի գլուխ եղբօրն իւրում եւ նստուցանէր զնա յաթոռ թագաւորութեանն իւրոյ եւ երկրպագանէր ի վերայ երեսաց իւրոց. եւ զամենայն թագաւորութիւնն իւր նմա յանձն արարեալ եւ անդարձ արարեալ նմա վասն աշխարհին Հայոց, զի հայրաբար սիրով խնամեսցէ զազգն զայն։ Դարձեալ զորդիսն Սենեքարիմայ նմա յանձն արար՝ զԴաւիթ եւ զԱտոմ եւ զԱպուսահլ եւ զԿոստանդին՝ եւ զամենայն իշխանս տանն Հայոց եւ պատուիրեաց բարի մտօք կալ հանապազ ի վերայ հաւատացելոցն Քրիստոսի։ Վասիլն զամս յիսուն եւ ութ թագաւորեաց ի վերայ Հոռոմոց, սրբութեամբ եւ կուսութեամբ վարեաց զայս կեանս, եւ բարի խոստովանութեամբ ննջեաց ի Քրիստոս Յիսուս, եւ թաղեցին զնա ընդ սուրբ թագաւորսն բարի յիշատակաւ։
In the same year as the frightening [astronomical] sign [A.D. 1022-1023], the blessed emperor of the Byzantines, Basil, died after reigning for 58 years. Before he died, he summoned his brother, Constantine, to him, placed the crown on his brother’s head, seated him on the throne of his kingdom, and prostrated himself before him. [Basil] entrusted his entire realm to him and got him to remain constant regarding the land of the Armenians, such that he would protect that people with a father’s love. [Basil] also entrusted to him the sons of Senek’erim, Dawit’, Atom, Abusahl, and Constantine, and all the princes of the House of the Armenians, enjoining him always to be well-disposed toward the Christian faithful. Basil, who ruled over the Byzantines for 58 years, led a holy and chaste life and reposed in Jesus Christ with a goodly confession. They buried him along with the other blessed emperors of good memory.
In the same year, Senek’erim, king of the Armenians, died. They took him to the mausoleum of his fathers in Varag, at the monastery of the Holy Cross, where the first kings of the Armenians were buried. And they buried Senek’erim there among his fathers. The royal authority of the House of the Armenians was confirmed on his senior son, Dawit’, as he was a glorious, honorable, and awesome man in the country. In this year Giorgi, king of the Georgians, died and they seated on his throne his son, Bagrat, to rule over the entire land of the Georgians.
Now in this year Basil’s brother, Constantine, ruled over the entire land of the Byzantines. Constantine was a good, pious man, merciful toward widows and captives, and lenient to all transgressors. For he released from fetters all those imprisoned, and he commanded that a prison which Basil had built should be burned down. Basil had filled this place with Byzantine princes. It was out of fear for his rule that [Basil] secretly had the Byzantine magnates strangled and their bodies, still clothed, were there hanging by the necks from iron hooks. Now when Constantine saw this, he wept and ordered that they should be buried, and he said that the prison should be burned down. He blamed his brother, saying: “When one faces death, why must it be such a cruel death to a life which [itself] is physical and transitory?”
As for Constantine himself, he peacefully occupied the throne of the Byzantine kingdom, benevolently shepherding all believers in God. He occupied the throne of the realm for four years, dying with a good confession in Jesus Christ and, leaving behind a good memory, he went among his fathers. There was great mourning in the land, deprived as it was of such a king. Now while Constantine was still living he had given his daughter, Kurazoyn [Zoe] as a wife to the great prince Romanus, since they had no son. Then Romanus sat on the throne of the Byzantines and the entire country came to him in submission.

Chapter 22 #

In the year 479 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1030] Romanus, emperor of the Romans, massed all the troops of the land of the Greeks and advanced with this multitude against the land of the Tachiks. [The Byzantines] came and encamped near the secure fortress called Azaz, close to the city of Aleppo. The troops of the Tachiks assembled in a countless multitude and came against Emperor Romanus. The emperor was terrified and did not dare to fight with the Tachiks. He was frightened since he was a coward, weak, and very malicious, and one who greatly cursed the Orthodox [i.e., Miaphysite] faith. For these reasons, the troops were not at one with him and planned to abandon him in the midst of the Tachik troops during battle, while they themselves would turn from the fight, and thereby the impious emperor would be killed.
Now it happened that one of the princes of his troops, who was called Apuk’ap, and who previously had been the guard of the tent of Curopalate Dawit’ of Georgia, notified the emperor about the treachery in his army. When the emperor heard about this, he was greatly frightened. Arising, he fled at night with his grandees. When the troops of the Tachiks learned of this, they went after the Byzantine troops, attacking them and causing severe destruction, killing some 20,000 men. Thus the Byzantine troops divided and scattered throughout the land.
Fourteen days later, a certain shinakan from the city of Cyrrhus discovered Emperor Romanus fallen among some trees and numb from the cold, as though dead. [The peasant] left off his work and took him to his own home where he cured him and brought him back to life, not knowing who he was. After some days, [the peasant] released [Romanus] and sent him off accompanied by some men. [Romanus] reached the city of Marash where the remainder of his troops assembled by him and took him to Constantinople. After some days had passed, Romanus summoned that man [who had saved him] and made him lord of all the districts around Cyrrhus. Then [Romanus] sent him to his home with grand gifts and great thanks.
At the beginning of the year 480 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1031], the emir of the city of Edessa, who was called Shabal, died. In that period two emirs sat in Edessa, Shabal and Utayr. The city of Edessa had three fortresses, of which two fortresses and two sections of the city belongs to Shabal, while one fortress and one section of the city were Utayr’s. Each [man] had the intention of ruining the other. Now one day Utrayr invited Shabal to dinner, taking him outside the city to the monastery called Archich, where there stood a stone pillar, opposite the fortress. Unbeknownst to the other, each man had placed his troops in an ambuscade. Now when Shabal signaled his troops to kill Utayr, suddenly Utayr’s troops arrived and killed Shabal. Then Utayr assembled [his troops] against Shabal’s senior fortress and wanted to take it through fighting.
It happened that a certain Salman was fortress-keeper at the upper citadel, and Utayr put him into dire straits with fierce warfare. Having no other recourse, Salman sent to Nasir ad-Daulah, the great emir of the Tachiks, who resided in Mayyafariqin, and gave the citadel of Edessa to him.Nasir ad-Daula sent the commander Baye’l with a thousand cavalry and he brought to him Salman with his wife and children, giving him great gifts. As for Utayr, he was unable to accomplish anything. Rather, he treacherously united with Baye’l—though planning to kill him secretly. When Baye’l learned about this, when they were drinking outside the city, he killed the emir Utayr and ruled over the entire city of Edessa.
Now when Utayr’s wife saw that Utayr had been killed, she boldly arose against Baye’l, raised the black flag, and appealed to all the Arab peoples, saying: “The nation of Turks [or, Kurds] have come and taken a patrimonial city of the Arabs and have killed my husband, Emir Utayr.” In this manner she assembled many men, arose and went against Baye’l. When Nasir ad-Daulah heard about this, he came against the Arabs with many troops. Utrayr’s wife went against Nasir and, through fierce fighting, put him to flight. She herself came and descended against commander Baye’l, making frightful warfare against the citadel. Baye’l could find no way out of the situation, and so he sent to Nasir, familiarizing him with his danger and saying: “I and all Kurdistan are in dire straits.” Nasir, also without options, sent Salman to the citadel of Edessa and took Baye’l to his city, Mup’arghin.

Chapter 23 #

Meanwhile, Utayr’s wife did not stop daily warfare against Salman. Growing weary of her, Salman sent to Samosata, to the Byzantine prince Maniakes, who was called Ge’org. Salman wrote to him, saying: “I will give Edessa to you if you can obtain from the Byzantine emperor [in exchange] authority and a district.” When Maniakes heard this he was overjoyed and promised [Nasir] with a great vow that everything he requested would be granted by the Byzantine emperor, and that a patrimony and authority would be given to him and to his sons.
Then Salman summoned Maniakes and gave the citadel of Edessa to him. Maniakes arrived with four hundred men and at night secretly came to the door of the citadel and notified Salman to come forth to Maniakes. Salman took the keys to the citadel, arose and went to Maniakes, prostrated himself before him, and gave the citadel to him. That same night [Salman] took his wife and children and went to Samosata. When the Tachik people heard about Maniakes’ arrival, they stirred up many difficult battles against him and assembled against Edessa countless hosts. The Tachiks struck at Edessa, and [the Tachiks inside the city] arose and departed.
As for the Assyrians, they fortified themselves into the great church of Saint Sophia. Because of their women and the large amount of gold and silver, they did not dare enter the citadel, so they would not be ravished by them. But after a few days, many of them were burned in fire and all their possessions [were lost]. The survivors fled to Maniakes in the citadel and were saved. For the Tachiks offered a great battle against the church of St. Sophia. On the northern side they placed a [battering] machine and forcefully struck at the church until it collapsed on its foundation. Then they threw fire inside and burned many. Countless belongings and goods of the entire multitude of the city were burned.
And then the entire House of the Tachiks was roused and came against Maniakes. Maniakes was there in the citadel of Edessa, with 400 men, anticipating great martyrdom, while the grandee emirs from all their cities arrived at Edessa—Egypt and all the lands of the Babylonians. Even Shabal of Harran came, the man who had been wounded by Uzar’, one of Maniakes’ servants. [Uzar’] had been able to approach [Shabal] without suspicion as an emissary, but when he got close he threw himself on the emir, striking the man’s shoulder with an axe. Then, with the speed of an eagle, he flew to the city’s moat, but his horse perished from its many wounds. [Among the arriving Muslim combatants were:]
Saleh, emir of Aleppo; Memut, from Damascus; Me’hme’t, from Hems; Aziz, from Egypt; Ali, from Manbij; Abola, from Baghdad; Xure’sh, from Mosul; Nsrtol, from Mup’arghin; Ali, from Amida; Pshara, from Jazira; Ahmat, from Xlat’; Zura, from Balish; Huse’n, from Her; Kutan, from Salmast; Ahi, from Arzan; Ahvar, from Ctesiphon; Ahlu, from Basra; Vre’ayn, from Kerkeser; Shahvar, from Nisibis; and forty other emirs.

Chapter 24 #

After many days, the Tachiks wanted to burn the entire city with fire, and depart. But the residents of the city—with great entreaties and bribes—prevented its burning, saying that the Byzantines would be unable to hold their city, in the midst of the Muslims and that, in a short time, they would leave it and flee, and all would return to their own homes. This seemed agreeable to all the Tachik grandees who heard it. Thus, after much harassment and warfare, all the troops of the Tachiks returned to their districts. And then Maniakes was involved in ceaseless warfare in Edessa’s citadel, while the people of the district did not stop fighting against Maniakes, day and night. Maniakes and all the men with him were in dire straits, since food supplies to the citadel had been cut off, and they had to enter houses in the city [proper] to find their meals.
Then the emperor sent and took Salman and his sons and made them glorious princes, giving districts to them. And they became Christians. Every year the emperor sent troops to Edessa and he also built a fortress in his name, called Romanopolis. However, the districts of the Arabs greatly harassed the Byzantine troops traveling from Samosata to Edessa, and every year an innumerable, unrelatable number of Christians were killed, to the point that the bones of the fallen were heaped up in piles, like rocks. Maniakes was in great danger.
Եւ զկնի այսորիկ թագաւորն Ռոմանոս խորհեցաւ շալկով հաց արկանել ի քաղաքն։ Եւ գային ի գիշերի վաթսուն հազար Հոռոմ կոնդորատք, անցան ընդ Եփրատ գետն եւ գային ի յՈւրհա. իսկ այլ շէն ոչ գոյր ի գաւառն Ուրհայոյ, բայց միայն Լտարն. յորժամ հասին ի Պարսուր, հարաւ Շիպիպն ի վերայ նոցա եւ մինչեւ ի Դեսնաձորն կոտորեաց զվաթսուն հազար կոնդորատսն. եւ այսպիսի նեղութեամբ կայր Ուրհա, մինչեւ զօրացաւ քաղաքն եւ յաղթահարեաց զթշնամիսն. եւ արար ընդ նոսա սէր, եւ եղեւ խաղաղութիւն ի վերայ Ուրհայոյ, եւ դադարեալ եղեւ հալածանք քրիստոնէից։ Այս ամենայն եղեւ ի թագաւորութեան Աշոտոյ Բագրատունւոյ եւ ի հայրապետութեանն Տէր Պետրոսի Հայոց կաթողիկոսի։ Եւ յաւուրս Տուղրիլ Սուլթանին Պարսից տէրութեանն առաւ ի Տաճկաց քաղաքն Ուրհա։ Իսկ յետ այս ամենայն անցիցս եւ նեղութեանցս եւ չարչարանացս, զոր կրեաց քաջն Մանիակ, փոխեաց զնա Ռոմանոս եւ տայ զՈւրհայ Ապուքապայ վրանպահուն Դաւթի Կուրապաղատին։
Following this, Emperor Romanus decided to send bread to the city, on the backs of men. At night, 60,000 Byzantine provision-bearers crossed the Euphrates River and approached Edessa. There was no other habitation in the district of Edessa, besides Ltar. When [the Byzantines] reached Parsur, Shipip fell upon them and killed the 60,000 provision-bearers as far as Desnadzor. Edessa was in such straits until the city strengthened, conquered the enemies, and the emperor established friendship with them. Then the persecutions against Christians stopped. All this occurred during the reign of Ashot Bagratuni and in the patriarchate of Lord Petros Catholicos of the Armenians. Now in the days of Tughril, sultan of the Persian kingdom, the city of Edessa was taken by the Tachiks. After all these events, harassments, and torments which brave Maniakes bore, Romanus replaced him and gave [the rule of] Edessa to Apuk’ap, the tent-guard of Dawit’ the curopalate.

Chapter 25 #

At the beginning of 481 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1032-1033] there was a severe famine throughout the entire country and many people starved to death. Many sold their women and children because of the need for bread. Because of the severity of these deprivations, people would give up the ghost, just [from the effort of] speaking. Thus was the country worn out from famine. Again, in the year 484 of our dating [A.D. 1035], Emperor Romanus died through a treacherous plot of his queen. This impious woman had the emperor drink poison and he died. Then Michael sat on the throne of the Byzantine realm, by order of his queen, who was the daughter of Constantine.
In this period there died King Dawit’, son of Senek’erim, king of the Armenians. He gave his patrimonial principality to his brother, Atom. Atom was full of virtue and righteousness and saintly conduct in Jesus Christ. He was also full of mildness and sweetness, merciful to the afflicted, a healer of the poor, beloved of clerics, a builder of churches and someone who increased the monasteries.
Արդ ի յամս եւ ի թուականութեանս Հայոց ՆՁԴ խաղացեալ բազում զօրօք Տաճկաց եւ գային ի վերայ Ուռհայոյ. եւ անցան յայնկոյս մեծ գետոյն Եփրատայ, սրով եւ գերութեամբ աւար հարկանէին զամենայն երկիր. եւ բազում քրիստոնեայք վարեցան ի գերութիւն յաշխարհն Տաճկաց. կոտորեցին զԱլարն եւ զՍեւերակ եւ զամենայն աղբերակունսն եւ զջրագնացս նորա լցին արեամբ. եւ յայնքան սաստիկ կոտորածէն հոսեալ լինէր երկիրն յարենէ քրիստոնէիցն։ Յայսմ ամի ժողովեցան զօրքն Հոռոմոց եւ գային ի վերայ Տաճկաց. եւ էր զօրավար եղբայր Միխայլին՝ թագաւորին Յունաց. եւ հեծելոց բազմութեամբն հասանէր մինչեւ ի քաղաքն Մելտենի. եւ զարհուրեալ եղեւ եւ ոչ ելանէր ընդ զօրսն Տաճկաց ի պատերազմ։ Եւ լուեալ զայս զօրացն Տաճկաց դարձան յաշխարհն իւրեանց։ Այսպէս արարին եւ զօրքն Հոռոմոց եւ ոչ իշխեաց մտանել յաշխարհ Տաճկաց, այլ դարձան խաղաղութեամբ մտանել յաշխարհն իւրեանց, եւ ի դառնալն առաւել աւար արկանէին քրիստոնէից քան զզօրսն Տաճկաց։
Now in 484 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1035], the Tachiks advanced with many troops, coming against Edessa. They crossed to the other side of the great Euphrates River, subjecting the entire country to slave-taking and the sword. Many Christians were led into captivity to the land of the Tachiks. They destroyed Alar and Sewerak and filled all their fountains and irrigation channels with blood. The destruction was so severe that the country flowed with the blood of Christians. In this year the forces of the Byzantines assembled and came against the Tachiks. Their general was the brother of Michael, emperor of the Byzantines. With a multitude of cavalry he reached the city of Melitene. However, he became terrified and would not go forth in battle against the Tachik troops. When the Tachik troops heard about this, they returned to their own land. The Byzantine troops did likewise: they did not dare to enter the land of the Tachiks; rather, they returned in peace to their own land. During that return, they looted the Christians’ [wealth] more than the troops of the Tachiks had done.
In 485 of the Armenian Era [A.D. 1036-1037] the sun darkened, presenting an awesome, terrifying vision. For just as it had grown dark at Christ’s crucifixion, similarly, the sun’s light was hidden and it was covered in darkness. The [celestial]luminaries turned the land dark and black, and the whole arc of the heavens went black. The sun was black at midday, while all the stars appeared as though in the middle of night.